Tisiphone

Tisiphone (/tɪˈsɪfəni/ tiss-IF-ə-nee; Ancient Greek: Τισιφόνη, romanized: Tisiphónē), or Tilphousia, was one of the three Erinyes or Furies. Literally translated, this Fury's name means “Avenging Murder”, and is closely associated with the concept of vengeance.^[1]

Her sisters were Alecto and Megaera.^[2] She and her sisters punished crimes of murder: parricide, fratricide and homicide.

In culture

Literature

In book I poem 3 of Tibullus's elegies, Tisiphone, unkempt with fierce snakes instead of hair, chases impious souls here and there in Tartarus.^[3]
In Book VI of Virgil's Aeneid, she is described as the guardian of the gates of Tartarus, "clothed in a blood-wet dress".^[4]
In Book X of the Aeneid, she is described as "pale" and raging "among the warring thousands" during the battle between Mezentius and Aeneas's men.^[5]
In Book IV of Ovid's Metamorphoses, she is described as a denizen of Dis who wears a dripping red robe and who has a serpent coiled around her waist. At the behest of Juno, Tisiphone drives Athamas and Ino mad with the breath of a serpent extracted from her hair and a poison made from froth from the mouth of Cerberus and Echidna's venom.^[6]
Tisiphone has a prominent role in Statius' Thebaid, where she spurs on the war between Polynices and Eteocles at the behest of their father, Oedipus. One of her more gruesome feats in the epic is to drive the hero, Tydeus, to cannibalism. In a bizarrely pastoral scene, Tisiphone first appears in the epic lounging beside the Cocytus river in the underworld, letting her serpent locks lap at the sulfuric waters.^[7]
According to one myth, she fell in love with a mortal, Cithaeron, but was spurned; in her anger she formed a poisonous snake from her hair, which bit and killed him.^[8]
In Book I of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, the narrator calls upon her to help him to write the tragedy properly.^[9]
In Canto IX of Dante's Inferno, she appears with her sisters before the gates of Dis, threatening to unveil the Medusa.
In Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones (Book I, ch. VIII), Bridget smiles “one of those smiles which might be supposed to have come from the dimpled cheeks of the august Tisiphone.”
In the David Weber space opera In Fury Born, Tisiphone appears as an ancient Greek spirit who is mind-melded with a super-soldier Alicia Devries, and they (along with a starship AI named Megaera) save the universe from evil pirates.
In Evie Shockley's poetry collection Suddenly We, the final stanza of the poem "breonna taylor's final rest (or, the furies are still activists)" invokes Tisiphone in her role as avenger of murder victims.
In Warhammer 40k, at the beginning of the 31st millennium the first official execution of a traitor in the Imperium is accomplished with a Power Sword named Tisiphone, made for former Luna Wolves Legionary Iacton Qruze and lent to Primarch Rogal Dorn for that purpose.

Ships

HMS Tisiphone was a fire ship of the Royal Navy launched in 1781 and sold for breaking up in 1816.^[10]

Astronomy

Minor planet 466 Tisiphone is named after her.^[11]

Video games

In 2020's Hades, Tisiphone appears, along with Megaera and Alecto, as one of the three potential Fury boss fights during an escape attempt. She is depicted wearing a mask and can initially only speak the word "murderer", though she eventually learns protagonist Zagreus's name if confronted enough times. In her Codex entry, Achilles describes her as the most frightening of the Furies, and "probably responsible for the particularly fearsome reputation they all share", thanks to "least [sharing] the qualities with which mortals can identify".
In 2013's God of War: Ascension, Tisiphone appears as one of the secondary antagonists, voiced by Debi Mae West. Tisiphone was one of the Furies and the sister of Alecto and Megaera, and possessed shape-shifting powers.
In Gods of Olympus, she is portrayed as someone with icy abilities. She wields an icy longsword, similar to her sister, Alecto's, which is fiery.

References

^ "Tisiphone - Wiktonary".
^ "Mythological Index". The Ovid Collection. University of Virginia Library.
^ Tibullus, 1.3.69–70.
^ "Virgil: Aeneid VI (A.S.Kline's translation)". poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
^ "Virgil: Aeneid X (A.S.Kline's translation)". poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Ovid, Metamorphoses Bk IV:464-511.
^ Statius, Thebaid Bk I:88-91.
^ Pseudo-Plutarch. De fluviis.
^ Geoffrey Chaucer, "Troilus and Criseyde", Book I:5, in The Riverside Chaucer, 3rd Edition, ed. Larry D. Benson, Oxford University Press, 1988, p.473
^ Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. p. 378. ISBN 978-1844157006.
^ "(466) Tisiphone". (466) Tisiphone In: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer. 2003. p. 52. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_467. ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7.

External links

Media related to Tisiphone (mythology) at Wikimedia Commons

[1] "Tisiphone - Wiktonary".

[2] "Mythological Index". The Ovid Collection. University of Virginia Library.

[3] Tibullus, 1.3.69–70.

[poetryintranslation-4] "Virgil: Aeneid VI (A.S.Kline's translation)". poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

[poetryintranslation.com-5] "Virgil: Aeneid X (A.S.Kline's translation)". poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

[6] Ovid, Metamorphoses Bk IV:464-511.

[7] Statius, Thebaid Bk I:88-91.

[8] Pseudo-Plutarch. De fluviis.

[9] Geoffrey Chaucer, "Troilus and Criseyde", Book I:5, in The Riverside Chaucer, 3rd Edition, ed. Larry D. Benson, Oxford University Press, 1988, p.473

[10] Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. p. 378. ISBN 978-1844157006.

[11] "(466) Tisiphone". (466) Tisiphone In: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer. 2003. p. 52. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_467. ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7.

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