Interstate 94 in Michigan
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I-94 highlighted in red | ||||
Route information | ||||
Maintained by MDOT | ||||
Length | 275.398 mi[1] (443.210 km) | |||
Existed | 1959[2](expressway predate numbering, first opened in 1930)–present | |||
Tourist routes | ||||
NHS | Entire route | |||
Major junctions | ||||
West end | ![]() | |||
East end | ![]() | |||
Location | ||||
Country | United States | |||
State | Michigan | |||
Counties | Berrien, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Jackson, Washtenaw, Wayne, Macomb, St. Clair | |||
Highway system | ||||
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Interstate 94 (I-94) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Billings, Montana, to the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. In Michigan, it is a state trunkline highway that enters the state south of New Buffalo and runs eastward through several metropolitan areas in the southern section of the state. The highway serves Benton Harbor–St. Joseph near Lake Michigan before turning inland toward Kalamazoo and Battle Creek on the west side of the peninsula. Heading farther east, I-94 passes through rural areas in the middle of the southern Lower Peninsula, crossing I-69 in the process. I-94 then runs through Jackson, Ann Arbor, and portions of Metro Detroit, connecting Michigan's largest city to its main airport. Past the east side of Detroit, the Interstate angles northeasterly through farmlands in The Thumb to Port Huron, where the designation terminates on the Blue Water Bridge at the Canada–United States border.
The first segment of what later became I-94 within the state, the Willow Run Expressway, was built near Ypsilanti and Belleville in 1941, with an easterly extension to Detroit in 1945. This expressway was initially numbered M-112. In the mid-1950s, state and federal officials planned an Interstate to replace the original route of US Highway 12 (US 12). By 1960, the length of I-94 was completed from Detroit to New Buffalo. Two years later, the US 12 designation was dropped from the freeway. Subsequent extensions in the 1960s completed most of the rest of the route, including the remaining sections between Detroit and Port Huron which superseded the routing of US 25. The last segment opened to the public in 1972 when Indiana completed its connection across the state line. Since completion, I-94 has remained relatively unchanged; a few interchanges have been rebuilt, a second span was constructed for the Blue Water Bridge, and, in 1987, a plane crashed on the freeway during takeoff from the airport in Detroit. The routing of I-94 is notable for containing the first full freeway-to-freeway interchange in the United States, connecting to the Lodge Freeway (M-10), and for comprising the first complete border-to-border toll-free freeway in a state in the United States. The highway has one auxiliary route, I-194, which serves downtown Battle Creek, and eight business routes. Various segments have been dedicated to multiple people and places.
Route description
[edit]The entire length of I-94 is listed on the National Highway System,[3] a network of roadways important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[4] The freeway carried 168,200 vehicles on average between I-75 and Chene Street in Detroit, which is the peak traffic count in 2015, and it carried 12,554 vehicles immediately west of the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, the lowest traffic count in 2015.[5] As the state trunkline highway closest to the lake shore in these areas, I-94 carries the Lake Michigan Circle Tour south of Benton Harbor–St. Joseph and the Lake Huron Circle Tour in the Port Huron area.[6] Sections through the Detroit area are named the Detroit Industrial and Edsel Ford freeways. I-94 in the state is either a four- or six-lane freeway for most of its length; one segment in the Detroit area has up to 10 lanes total near the airport.[7]
Southwestern Michigan
[edit]I-94 enters Michigan from Indiana south of New Buffalo. The freeway runs northeasterly through rural Michiana farmland in the southwestern corner of the Lower Peninsula and parallels the Lake Michigan shoreline about three miles (4.8 km) inland. I-94 traverses an area just east of the Warren Dunes State Park as the freeway runs parallel to the Red Arrow Highway,[6][7] a former routing of US 12 named after the 32nd Infantry Division (Red Arrow Division).[8] The freeway crosses its companion highway south of St. Joseph; Red Arrow turns northward carrying the business loop for Benton Harbor and St. Joseph (Business Loop I-94, [BL I-94]). The Interstate curves further inland to bridge the St. Joseph River near Riverview Park.[6][7] East of Benton Harbor, I-94 meets the other end of BL I-94 at an interchange where US 31 merges onto the freeway.[9] East of the Southwest Michigan Regional Airport, I-94/US 31 meets the southern end of I-196; US 31 departs the I-94 freeway to follow I-196, and I-94 continues its course away from Lake Michigan.[6][7]
![Photograph](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Non_Interchange_Signage_with_Mileage_Signage.jpg/220px-Non_Interchange_Signage_with_Mileage_Signage.jpg)
South of Coloma, the trunkline turns eastward and roughly follows the Paw Paw River on a course that takes it south of Watervliet and Hartford. Between the latter two cities, the freeway transitions from northeastern Berrien County into western Van Buren County. It curves around and between Lake Cora and Threemile Lake near the junction with the northern end of M-51. About four miles (6.4 km) further east, I-94 crosses M-40 south of Paw Paw. Continuing eastward, the Interstate runs through Mattawan before entering western Kalamazoo County.[6][7]
In Texas Township, the freeway enters the western edges of the Kalamazoo suburbs. South of the campus for Western Michigan University's College of Engineering & Applied Sciences in Portage, I-94 intersects US 131. Near the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport, the Interstate passes into the southeastern corner of Kalamazoo before entering Comstock Township. The freeway intersects the eastern end of Business Spur I-94 (BS I-94) at a partial interchange near Morrow Lake in the township. I-94 continues out of the eastern Kalamazoo suburbs, paralleling the Kalamazoo River through the Galesburg area.[6][7] Before crossing into Calhoun County on the west side of Battle Creek,[1] I-94 has the only driveway on any of Michigan's Interstate Highways for a gate providing access for military vehicles into the Fort Custer Training Center.[10]
The Interstate enters Calhoun County southwest of the W. K. Kellogg Airport and enters the city of Battle Creek. Immediately east of the county line, the freeway has an interchange with the western end of Battle Creek's business loop. Next to Lakeview Square Mall, I-94 meets its only auxiliary Interstate in Michigan: I-194. I-94 turns to the northwest to round Beadle Lake, intersecting M-294 before spanning the Kalamazoo River. East of the river crossing, the freeway meets an interchange for M-96, M-311, and the eastern end of the Battle Creek business loop near FireKeepers Casino Hotel in Emmett Township. Turning back eastward, the Interstate exits the eastern Battle Creek suburbs and continues to an interchange with I-69 near Marshall; the business loop for Marshall follows I-69 southward.[6][7]
Into Metro Detroit
[edit]Continuing eastward, I-94 traverses rural land on the north side of Marshall. The freeway runs north of, and parallel to, the Kalamazoo River through eastern Calhoun County. It angles southeasterly toward Albion before returning to an easterly course on the north side of town. I-94 crosses into western Jackson County before intersecting M-99. From there, it runs generally due east with a jog around Parma. West of the county airport, the Jackson business loop follows M-60 southward, and I-94 travels through the north side of Jackson. North of downtown, US 127 merges in from the north and runs concurrently with I-94 around the city. Southeast of Michigan State Prison, US 127 departs to the south, and I-94 continues eastward through the rest of the county.[6][7]
The freeway runs north of the Chrysler Chelsea Proving Grounds in Chelsea next to the M-52 interchange. As I-94 continues easterly, it passes into the western edge of the Ann Arbor area. West of downtown, the M-14 freeway splits off to the northeast, and the Interstate turns to the south and southeast to curve around the south side of the city. The freeway passes between Briarwood Mall and Ann Arbor Municipal Airport. On the southeastern corner of Ann Arbor, I-94 intersects US 23 and continues around the south side of Ypsilanti. South of that city, the freeway also carries US 12 and crosses the Huron River north of the river's mouth at Ford Lake. I-94 jogs southeasterly around the south side of Willow Run Airport complex, separating from US 12 and entering Wayne County.[6][7]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Interstate_94_Landing_at_Detroit_Metropolitan_Wayne_County_International_Airport%2C_Romulus%2C_Michigan_%2814017169320%29.jpg/190px-Interstate_94_Landing_at_Detroit_Metropolitan_Wayne_County_International_Airport%2C_Romulus%2C_Michigan_%2814017169320%29.jpg)
South of Willow Run, the Interstate parallels the north shore of Belleville Lake. East of the water body, it intersects I-275 near the northwest corner of Detroit Metropolitan Airport and angles northeasterly through the southwestern Detroit suburbs along the Detroit Industrial Freeway. I-94 uses the Gateway Bridge over the single-point urban interchange (SPUI) at US 24 (Telegraph Road) in Taylor;[6][7] these bridges were inspired by Super Bowl XL and provide a western entrance to the city.[11] Further east, the Interstate intersects M-39 (Southfield Freeway) and passes the Uniroyal Giant Tire in Allen Park. I-94 then turns to the northeast through the Ford River Rouge complex in Dearborn before turning back easterly on the Edsel Ford Freeway into Detroit.[6][7]
I-94 traverses Detroit in an east–west direction well inland of, and parallel to, the Detroit River. The freeway intersects I-96 (Jeffries Freeway) and M-10 (Lodge Freeway) on the West Side, passing the main campus of Wayne State University before entering the East Side at M-1 (Woodward Avenue). Immediately east of the interchange with I-75 (Chrysler Freeway), I-94 forms the southern border of the Milwaukee Junction district. The Edsel Ford Freeway continues through residential neighborhoods of Detroit's East Side. The Interstate turns more northerly, mimicking the shoreline of Lake St. Clair, and exits Detroit for Harper Woods. Just north of the interchange for M-102 (Vernier Road), the freeway crosses 8 Mile Road and enters Macomb County.[6][7]
North to Canada
[edit]Running northward through Macomb County, I-94 meets the eastern end of I-696 (Reuther Freeway) about three miles (4.8 km) north of the county line in St. Clair Shores. The freeway continues to parallel the lakeshore and travels to the west of Selfridge Air National Guard Base in Harrison Township. It turns back to the northeast at 23 Mile Road at the interchange with M-3 and M-29. North of 26 Mile Road, the freeway exits the northern suburbs and passes into farmland in The Thumb region.[6][7]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Interstate_94_MI_at_Exit_271.jpg/220px-Interstate_94_MI_at_Exit_271.jpg)
South of Michigan Meadows Golf Course, I-94 crosses County Line Road and enters St. Clair County. The freeway continues northeasterly as far as Marysville before turning northward near St. Clair County International Airport. From there, it runs roughly parallel to the St. Clair River. The Interstate travels along the western edge of residential areas for Marysville and Port Huron as it continues northward. Immediately west of downtown Port Huron, it intersects I-69; the two freeways merge and turn first east and then north through an interchange that also features connections to BL I-69.[6][7]
I-94/I-69 turns back to the east about a mile (1.6 km) north of their confluence to span the Black River north of downtown. On the eastern bank of the river, there is one final interchange for M-25 and BL I-69/BL I-94 before the freeway reaches the toll and customs plazas for the twin-span Blue Water Bridge. Past these plazas, I-94/I-69 ascends the approach to the bridge which crosses the St. Clair River to Point Edward (Sarnia), Ontario. At the international boundary at the center of the river, the Interstate designations jointly terminate, becoming Ontario Highway 402.[6][7]
History
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Michigan%27s_Indian_trails.png/170px-Michigan%27s_Indian_trails.png)
The first major overland transportation corridors in the future state of Michigan were the Indian foot trails.[12] One of these, the St. Joseph Trail, followed the general route of the modern I-94 across the state from the Benton Harbor–St. Joseph area east to the Ann Arbor area.[13] The State Trunkline Highway System was created on May 13, 1913, by an act of the Michigan Legislature; at the time, Division 6 corresponded to the rough path of today's I-94.[14] In 1919, the Michigan State Highway Department (MSHD)[a] signposted the highway system for the first time,[17] and three different highways followed sections of the modern I-94 corridor. The original M-11 ran from the Indiana state line north to Coloma where M-17 connected easterly to Detroit. The third highway was M-19 from Detroit northeast to Port Huron.[18]
On November 11, 1926, the United States Numbered Highway System was approved by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO),[19][b] and the original route of US 12[c] replaced the highways from the state line northeasterly to Detroit; US 31 overlapped the highway between St. Joseph and Watervliet. The remainder of the future I-94 corridor was served by US 25 between Detroit and Port Huron.[21]
On August 26, 1930, state officials and representatives of various countries met together to discuss the possibility of constructing a new Detroit-Chicago Superhighway from Detroit to Chicago. Near unanimous support was shown at the meeting and on December 2, a 14.7 mile segment of roadway was established into the trunk line system.[22]
The first newly constructed roadway was opened from Canton Center Road to Napier Road in 1933, this was followed by an extension to US 12 in 1934.[22]
On February 6, 1936, the Anne Arbor bypass was completed, different from the original plans, which were to go through Anne Harbor. These plans had effectively been shot down when the proposed section was removed from the trunkline system on January 6, 1935, though the original alignment was not officially canceled until February 20, 1936.[22]
The approach roadway to the Blue Water Bridge between Port Huron and Point Edward, Ontario began construction in 1938.[23] In preparation of this, the alignment was established as a trunkline route on July 13, 1939. This bridge itself opened to traffic on October 9, 1939.[22]
In 1940, a southern bypass of Battle Creek opened along Columbia Avenue, and the former routing through downtown on Michigan Avenue became Business US 12 (Bus. US 12).[24][25]
Location | Ypsilanti–Detroit |
---|---|
Existed | September 12, 1942[26]–Mid-1956[27][28] |
The first segments of upgraded highways along the future route of I-94 were constructed during World War II. Construction on the Willow Run Expressway started in 1941 before the US entered the war. It was opened on September 12, 1942, to provide improved access to Ford Motor Company's Willow Run bomber plants.[26] The highway was given the M-112 designation at the time.[29] The expressway was extended eastward as the Detroit Industrial Expressway into Detroit; the first section opened on Feburay 26, 1943.[22]
On December 8, 1943, a section of the Detroit Southfield Expressway from Southfield Road to Greenfield road was opened. In early 1944, a .6.1 miles (9.8 km) segment between M-17 and a temporary T-intersection with US 23 was owned by traffic On July 1, 1944, the last.2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) section of road from Greenfield Roa to US 122 was opened to traffic.[22]
On March 9, 1945, a formal dedication ceremony was held to celebrate the opening of part of the roadway. This was attended by Frank Kelly, Charles M Ziegler and Henry Ford II.[22]
On August 2, 1945, plans were announced for an extension of the Expressway at a meeting between state planners. Land acquisition started on October 2, 1945.[22] As the original expressway through the center of Detroit was being planned in the 1940s, it was unofficially named the Harper–McGraw Expressway after the streets along which it was to run. There was some initial support to name it after Roy D. Chapin, the late president of the Hudson Motor Car Company and a former US secretary of commerce under President Herbert Hoover. On April 23, 1946, the Detroit Common Council voted instead to name the highway after Edsel Ford, the son of Henry Ford and president of the Ford Motor Company from 1918 until his death in 1943.[30][31] On December 1, 1949, this strech, a .4+1⁄2 miles (7.2 km) bypass of the Jackson Belt was opened to traffic.
On December 10, 1949, a .4.22 miles (6.79 km) stretch of the Mount Clemens bypass was opened to traffic.<ef name="Michigan Highways"/>
On April 18, 1950, the Jackson Belt bypass officially became part of the Trunkline system. On July 9, a segment of the Edsel Ford Expressway was opened to traffic from Livernois Avenue to M-112. In December, a segment of the Jackson Belt bypass from Cooper Street to M-50 was opened to traffic. [22]
On October 23, 1952 a half mile stretch of the Edsel Ford expressway to Livernois Road was completed eastbound, with traffic onto the westbound direction having to take Warren Avenue onto the road.[22]
On August 30, 1952, the road was was named the Red Arrow Highway. A dedication ceremony was held on March 22, 1953. [32]
On September 7, 1954, the 0.6 mile long Northline Connector was transferred to county control.[22] On December 8,,[22] a bypass of Kalamazoo and Galesburg opened; US 12 was rerouted to follow the new highway while M-96 replaced part of the old route and US 12A in the area.[33][34]
On January 18, 1955, the stretch of the Edsel Ford Expressway between US 16 and the John C Lodge Expressway was opened. This was followed up by a connection to the Kalamazoo bypass on January 26, which was a temporary super two until its second roadway could be completed. On July 9, construction was completed on the second roadway at the M-17 bypass, and the temporary T-intersection with US-23 was replaced by a permanent interchange. On September 14 at noon, the Edsel Ford expressway was extended from its temporary terminus at the John C Lodge Expressway to a new temporary one at Russel Street.[22] In addition, the preexisting segment from Russel to Mount Eilliot had received drainage improvements at the cost of $564,000.[35]
During the mid-1950s, the Detroit Streets and Rails campaign proposed a high-speed rail line in the median of the Willow Run, Detroit Industrial and Edsel Ford freeways; instead of building the rail line, special boarding stations adjacent to dedicated bus lanes in the interchanges along the highway were used.[36]
On March 23, 1956, a 7.61 mile extension of the Galesburg bypass was opened. On September 29, a segment of the new Ann Arbor Southbelt freeway was completed to Carpenter Road. This was followed by the segment west of Ann Arbor on October 6. The westbound lanes were then completed on the Jackson North Belt bypass on October 15. On October 22, the original 7.65 mile stretch of the Edsel Ford Expressway became part of the truckline system. On November 1,[22] the M-112 designation was decommissioned and replaced by a realigned US 12.[27][28] On December 28, the Kalamazoo South Belt bypass was completed from Miller Road to US 131.[22]
On January 21, 1957, the Jackson North Belt bypass segment from Michigan Avenue to US 27 was established as a trunkline route. On June 1, of that year, the segment from Russell St to Mount Elliot Street was opened. On June 21, the segments from Miller Road to US 131 and the entirety of the Port Huron West Belt bypass were established into the Trunkline system. On November 4, the Ann Arbour South bypass was officially established into the trunkline system. They later opened the Galesburg–Comstock bypass from East Michigan Avenue to Miller Road.[22]
With construction of the new sections underway, attention turned to improving the Willow Run Expressway. In June 1958, a parclo interchange and underpass was completed at Belleville Road, which replaced the then defunct signalized intersection witch served the same road .[22]
On July 29, 1958, the segment of Michigan Ave west of Jackson between the western city limit and the new M-60 freeway bypass was established as a state trunkline highway route. On October 3,, the segment of freeway between the Galesburg–Comstock bypass and Mercury Dr-Climax Road was completed. With this, the US 12 segment was transitioned over to the new alignment. On October 8, this segment of US 12 was established as a trunkline route. The Willow Run Bypass was also established as a trunkline route that day. On December 16, the segment of the Edsel Ford expressway between Mount Elliott Street and Norcross Street was opened. A temporary connector was also built at the Conner St interchange in order to relieve congestion. On December 29, this segment was established as a state trunkline route.[22]
On July 29, 1959, the original 2.2-mile long north-south segment of the Willow Run Expressway was transferred to County control. On September 9, the Van Buren Co Road Commission was granted permission by what's now MDOT to sign the road as part of the Red Arrow Highway. It was the first instance where the signs were erected on a pre-built road.[22]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Interstate_Highway_plan_June_27%2C_1958_%28MI%29.jpg/170px-Interstate_Highway_plan_June_27%2C_1958_%28MI%29.jpg)
The first planning maps from 1947 for what later became the Interstate Highway System included a highway along I-94's route in Michigan.[37] This highway was included on the 1955 plan for the "National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" with a proposed spur in the Battle Creek area.[38] The modern I-94 was numbered I-92 between Benton Harbor–St. Joseph and Detroit with I-77 from Detroit to Port Huron in the August 1957 plans.[39] In April 1958, the MSHD wanted to provide a single number for a more direct routing of a Detroit–Chicago freeway; the state proposed rerouting I-94 to replace I-92 in the state, but retained the I-77 designation.[40] On June 27, 1958, AASHO adopted their original numbering plan for Michigan, minus the state's proposed changes.[41] Around the same time, a section of M-146 near Port Huron was converted into an approach freeway for the Blue Water Bridge.[42][43] In January 1959, officials announced that sections of US 12, the Willow Run, Detroit Industrial and Edsel Ford expressways were to be given the I-94 designation, temporarily co-designated with US 12. These sections connected Ann Arbor to Detroit, along with a bypass of Kalamazoo to Galesburg and a bypass of Jackson.[44] Later that year, additional segments of I-94 were opened, starting with a 10-mile (16 km) section from Hartford to Coloma, then another from Paw Paw to Kalamazoo which connected with a segment between Galesburg to Battle Creek. The overall 45-mile (72 km) section from Paw Paw to Battle Creek was dedicated on December 7, 1959.[45] In addition, a new northwest–southeast section of freeway was built east of Ypsilanti to create a more gradual curve in the routing between present-day exits 185 and 186,[46] the original routing of the Willow Run Expressway having followed present-day Wiard Road.[47] Signage for the state's Interstate Highways was placed on hold pending finalization of the numbering scheme,[48] and by late 1959 that signage was being added starting with I-75[49] and followed by the other open segments of freeway in the state.[2]
On December 2, 1959 at 11:00 AM, three new segments of roadway were opened to traffic. These include a stretch between US 12 and Mercury Dr-Climax Road, the stretch between US 131 and what's now M-40, the stretch between County Road 687 and a temporary terminus at Hicks Road. This was followed up by the opening of the stretch between Norcross Street and near the Wayne/Macomb Co line on December 16.[22]
On March 25, 1960, the stretch between Eaton Rapids road and the completed stretch in Parma was opened to traffic, an were imiedatley designated eastabsihed as part of the a trunkline route. This was followed by the opening of the stretch between Michigan Avenue and 11 Mile Road and M-99 on July 1, and on August 15, the stretch between County Road 687 and M-40 was opened, while the segment from Partello Rd from Michigan Aveb=nue was designated as a trunkline route. On November 3, the bypasses of Benton Harbor and St Joseph were opened to traffic. On November 10, the section between Jackson‘s BL I-94 and Race Road began to be utilized by freeway traffic. On November 28, a westbound exit ramp onto Harper Avenue competed, with an eastbound entrance ramp also completed. On December 19, a segment from Jackson Road to the Jackson County line was completed, its eastern roadway utilized a pre-existing roadway from the 1936 construction of US 12.[22] In this year, Michigan became the first state to complete a border-to-border toll-free Interstate within their state, running for 205 miles (330 km) from Detroit toward New Buffalo,[50] creating the longest toll-free freeway in the country at the time.[51]
On January 3, 1961 a short 0.318-mile segment of road was established into the trunkline. On June 9, the segment of roadway between Jackson’s BL I-94 and the Washtenaw County line was opened to traffic. On October 4, the stretch between the Bridgman interchange and Shoreham was officially established into the trunkline. On November 21, the segment of road between Stevensville and the Sawyer interchange was opened. On December 11, the segment from Jackson’s BL I-94 to the Grass Township state line was opened to traffic.[22]
In June 1961, MDOT proposed to ASSHO that the US 12 designation be removed from the entire freeway. In the process, the designation was transferred to replace the US 112 designation in its entirety. This was approved on July 28, and on January 8, 1962, the designation was officially removed, instead being relocated to replace US 122. On June 25, the M-155 segment that traveled near the planned alignment of I-94 was closed permanently to be used as part of I-94. It’s roadway would be left as is a new one constructed nearby, upgrading it to intersate standards. On July 13 the stretch from Sawyer to Us 12 was opened, almost 2 years behind schedule because of a workers strike The segment from US 12 to Bridgman was opened on July 20.[22]
The segment of roadway from US 12 to M-239 was opened on August 16, 1963. On August 22, the segment from M-239 to M-132 was opened. On November 27,[22] the freeway was opened south of New Buffalo to end at M-239. Traffic was diverted down M-239 into Indiana where State Road 39 carried traffic the rest of the way to the Indiana Toll Road.[52] By the end of the year, a section of highway opened between Mount Clemens and Marysville, and US 25 was rerouted to run concurrently along the freeway from the New Baltimore area northward.[53][54] Alongside competition of the highway, improvements were being made to the existing stretch. A new interchange was added with what's now I-196.[55] The interchanges with Lansing Avenue[56][57] and Dettman Road[56][57] were eliminated, and the original interchange with US 23 was replaced by the current one when that road was realigned.[58][59] They also began to refer to the Willow Run Expressway as the Willow Run Freeway, though this never caught on.[22]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Uniroyal_tire1.jpg/220px-Uniroyal_tire1.jpg)
The eastern terminus of I-94 in the Port Huron area was dedicated on October 14, 1964, signaling the completion of the highway between Marysville and the Blue Water Bridge.[61] This completion displaced part of the M-146 bypass of Port Huron, the southern leg of which was retained as a connector to present-day Lapeer Road.[62]
In Summer 1964, the road was widened from four to six lanes north of Eleven Mile Road in order to accommodate an increased traffic level after the other six lane stretches opened..[63]
On January 15, 1965, the at-grade intersection with Hannan Road was closed to through traffic, being replaced by an overpass. This is notable for officially upgrading the entire roadway to Interstate Highway standards. While initially planned to close in 1966, extreme congestion forced the closure to occur over a year ahead of schedule.[22]
In late 1964, plans were approved to construct new ramps at the interchange with US 24, as the original interchange did not feature access in all directions. The project was completed in fall 1965, at the cost of $1.5 million.[64]
In 1966, the gap between the Wayne–Macomb county line and the end of the freeway near Mount Clemens was filled in when another section of freeway opened.[65][66]
On February 2, 1967, a segment of roadway from the Wayne County Line to 14 Mile Road was opened, completing the Edsel Ford Expressway as outlined in original plans. The next day, the new roadway was officially declared a trunkline route. In December of that year, they installed 63 callboxes from Battle Creek to Jackson.[22]
In Albion, the road originally encountered a New York Central Railroad crossing; making it one of the only on an interstate due to predating the I-94 designation by a couple of years. The tracks were rendered redundant when the line closed permanently on August 31, 1968, and owing to a reversion clause signed by highway engineers with nearby landowners, the tracks were quickly destroyed by a farmer to the north.[67] That same year, the interchange with Grove Road was eliminated.[68][69] By the end of the year, the interchange with I-69 had been completed in Marshall.[68][70]
In 1970, the elevated ramps onto I-75 were opened to traffic, replacing a section of depressed freeway in the process.[71][72]
On November 29, 1971, the stretch of roadway from the Michigan state line to US 421 was opened, though traffic still had to travel onto M-239 once they crossed the Indiana state line.[22]
On April 6, 1972, the New Buffalo Welcome Center was opened, replacing the original one, which was located on US 12. </ref>Borgstrom, Kirsten (May 25, 2010). "Nation's First Highway Travel Information Center: Celebrate 75 Years at the New Buffalo Welcome Center, May 27, 2010" (Press release). Michigan Economic Development Corporation. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.</ref> Additionally, in May, the colors for its centerlines were altered; yellow was used for the lines separating directions of travel and white for lines separating lanes traveling in the same direction.[73] The final missing section of I-94 at the Indiana state border witch could not be added until Indiana completed their 18-mile (29 km) segment of freeway, was opened to traffic on November 2, 1972.[74] On December 6,, the final segment of roadway from M-239 to the Indiana State line to M-239 was listed as a trunkline state route.[22]
On July 1, 1973, MDOT completed removal of the callboxes from Battle Creek to Jackson. While not considered a failure, the federal government had stopped maintaining them. In September of that year, they also began planning to remove the US 25 designation from the roadway. However, it would not be until February 23 1974, that all the signage was removed.[22]
In 1974, MDOT upgraded the signage to meet federal guidelines. replacing the blue exit tabs with green ones.[22]
On June 1, 1972, MDOT began to rebuild the stretch between Rawsonville Road in Belleville to Ozga Road in Romulus. The segment was also widened from four to six lanes. The project resulted in the demolition of a partial interchange with Huron River Drive,[75][76] and construction of a new interchange with I-275.[26] This project was completed in 1974,[22] and also involved repaving the unaltered stretch, as the roadway was not built with steel mesh.[26]
In summer 1974, the Edsel Ford Freeway had its median rebuilt. Work included paving over the median and adding a median barrier. In the process, the old lighting, which was located on the outside of the road, was replaced by new lighting which was located inside the road.[22]
In 1977, MDOT began a major rebuild of the interchange with BL I-94 in Lincoln Township in order to add full connections that were unable to be added originally due to not meeting federal standards. This project, completed on August 7, 1979 at cost a total of $3.5 million, also included demolition of the existing ramps, which were no longer necessary.[77]
On December 34, 1984, a new concurrency with I-69 was created.[22]
The interchange with M-39 was temporarily closed in 1985 to allow for reconstruction. Originally, it included four left hand on-ramps that sharply merged into the left lanes.[78] Reconstruction added new on-ramps that merge into the freeway's right lane, while also moving the carriageways of I-94 closer together. Work was completed in 1986, and also involved repairing pot holes on the rest of the roadway.[79]
In 1986, the concurrency with M-25 was replaced by BL I-94.[22]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/NW255_crashsite.jpg/220px-NW255_crashsite.jpg)
On August 16, 1987, Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashed after attempting to take off from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, killing all but one passenger upon exploding at the I-94 overpass over Middlebelt Road;[80] that overpass was not damaged in the crash.[81] The freeway was closed until August 18,[82] and a memorial was later installed near the interchange between I-94 and Middlebelt Road.[83]
In 1988, the route became part of the Great Lakes Circle Tour.
The completion of I-69 in 1984, and the approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement, increased traffic at the Blue Water Bridge. With this, the need to replace the outdated toll and customs plaza was recognized. The new plaza was officially opened for use in 1991.[84]
On August 1, 1996, the speed limit from Mount Clemens to Port Huron was raised to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h). Ths followed legislation passed by Bill Clinton on November 28, 1995.[22]
The section of I-94 northeast of Detroit was named after former Congressman James G. O'Hara by the Michigan Legislature. O'Hara was a World War II veteran who served in the US House of Representatives from 1959 until 1977. During his tenure in Congress, he procured federal funds for the construction of I-94 through his district. The first attempt to name the highway after him failed in 1991, but the honor was included in a budget bill passed in 1997. The section of I-94 was dedicated on October 16, 1998, after donors privately raised nearly $10,000 (equivalent to $17,000 in 2023[85]) to pay for the signage replacement.[86]
In 1992, an international task force determined that traffic on the Blue Water Bridge was exceeding capacity. Environmental planning started in 1993, and construction started on the second span between Port Huron and Point Edward, Ontario began in 1995.[87] In July 1997, the second span opened.[88] The original span was closed for rehabilitation, and both were opened to traffic in 1999.[87]
In 2001, thestrech of roadway between Macomb and St. Clair counties was renamed the James G. O'Hara Freeway.[89]
A segment of I-94 in Battle Creek between the exits for BL I-94 and I-194 was named the 94th Combat Infantry Division Memorial Highway by the Michigan Legislature on September 28, 2002. The name honors the US Army's 94th Infantry Division, which was activated at nearby Fort Custer in 1942 and served with distinction in the European theater of World War II. Because the unit originated in Battle Creek, and its number matched that of the freeway, the Legislature added the designation by passing Public Act 305 of 2002. The name was dedicated in ceremonies at a rest stop along the section of I-94.[90]
Starting in 1990, the National Park Service started working to identify routes of the Underground Railroad. The Battle Creek area was active in the railroad during the Civil War, and the section of I-94 between exits 98 and 110 east of Battle Creek was included in the memorial designation.[91] With this, the piece of I-94 in Calhoun County was designated in 2004 as part of the Underground Railroad Memorial Highway.[d]
The interchange with US 24 (Telegraph Road) originally had left-hand exits in use throughout.[92] These were retained from the original 1940s design. In December 2005, a rebuild of this interchange into to a SPUI was completed.[93] A pair of bridges called the Gateway Arch Bridges (alternately "Gateway to Detroit"[94]) was incorporated in the new interchange.[95]
In April 2004, MDOT began a project to rebuild 21 bridges between Ann Arbor to the Jackson County line. Work on this project was competed in May 2006,[96] and allowed for the stretch of roadway to be expanded to six lanes.
In late 2006, MDOT began a minor project to resurface the stretch of roadway between North River Road to 23 Mile Road. The first phase, witch was completed in 2007, resurfaced the stretch between North River Road and 23 Mile road, with the second phase between 23 Mile Road and Masitonc Road competed in 2008.[97]
In June 2012, after a resolution passed by the Michigan Legislature was signed by Governor Rick Snyder, a portion of I-94 in Taylor between Inkster and Pelham roads was named the Auxiliary Lt. Dan Kromer Memorial Highway after a 20-year veteran of the Taylor Police Department, who was killed in 2010 while helping motorists who had car trouble.[98]
In April 2009, MDOT began a project to reconstruct and widen the section of roadway near Westnedge from four lanes to six lanes in order to add capacity and reduce deterioration.[99] This project was competed November 2012.[100]
In 2011, a project was started to reconstruct the segment of I-94 and I-69 approaching the Blue Water Bridge in order to allow for dedicated lanes for local traffic and border traffic.[101] The lane configuration changes confused drivers in the area, especially motorists with outdated GPS devices;[102] because of this, MDOT installed updated signs complete with American and Canadian flags to help prevent drivers from heading to Canada by mistake.[103]
On April 27, 2009, the interchange with BL I-94 in Battle Creek was closed permanently.[104] In October 2012, the eastbound ramp onto BL I-94 in Detroit was closed to allow for reconstruction of the overpass and elimination of the left hand exit.[105][106] They aslo replaced the intersection with BL I-94 in Jackson with a new one.[107][108] Work on all of these projects were competed in 2014.
On February 4, 2015, the stretch in Van Buren County was renamed the Trooper Rick L. Johnson Memorial Highway. [109]
In late 2013, construction began to rebuild the I-69 interchange and surrounding roadway in Port Huron. The project also reconstructed 3.7 miles (6.0 km) worth of roadway and level ramps and rebuilt overpasses . In June 2014, MDOT closed the ramps from I-69 eastbound to BL I-69 through the interchange. They were reopened by the end of that year.[110] The project was completed in September 2015.[111] The work cost $76 million[110]
(equivalent to $98 million in 2023[85]).
In 2016, the section of I-94 from the Indiana state line to M-63 was designated as part of the West Michigan Pike Pure Michigan Byway.[112] The West Michigan Pike originated in efforts in the 1910s to improve a highway along the western part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and to increase tourism along the Lake Michigan shore. The auto trail was eventually superseded by US 12 and US 31 after the creation of the United States Numbered Highway System in 1926.[113]
On April 18, 2016, a project began to reconstruct exit 88 from an incomplete pair of ramps into a standard diamond interchange.[114] This project was partially complete by August of that year, with the rest completed in mid September.[115]
In February 2018, the stretch of roadway between Sprinkle Road and milepost 86 was officially renamed the Chief Ed Switalski Memorial Highway, in honor of Chief Ed Switalski, a firefighter who died on duty.[116]
On November 20, 2018, the short stretch of roadway between M-106 and Elm Road was renamed the Corrections Officers Jack Budd and Josephine McCallum Memorial Highway, in honor of corrections officers who died on duty. [117]
In 2021, the stretch of roadway between I-94 and Napier Avenue was renamed the Kevin D. White Memorial Highway, in honor of a DOT worker who died from blunt force trama due to a flying tire.[118]
In 2020, work began on the final link of the St. Joseph Valley Parkway to connect the US 31 freeway to I-94 east of Benton Harbor. The project cost $121.5 million and involved replacing the interchange with the eastern terminus of BL I-94 and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) of I-94 in the area. US 31 was rerouted to follow its new freeway section for 1.8 miles (2.9 km) from the previous end of the freeway at Napier Avenue that opened in 2003 to I-94 at BL I-94, where US 31 then followed I-94 to the I-196 interchange as before.[119] The replacement interchange opened on November 9, 2022.[9]
On August 7, 2023, MDOT began a privately funded three-mile (4.8 km) project to reconstruct the left lane for testing of connected and autonomous vehicles between Ann Arbor and Detroit.[120] By May 2024, the system was competed, with testing soon to come.[121] On July 2, 2024, a testing area for the new smart technology was implemented onto 3 miles of the roadway. It is expected to be completed in 2025.[122]
In March 2007, MDOT began planning for a rebuild of the roadway in Jackson County, as the existing roadway was functionally obsolete and in need of it. The first phase of work began in 2018 and was completed in 2020.[123] The second phase, which began in Spring 2021, involved a rebuilding of the interchange with US 127 into a diverging diamond to allow for increased safety and traffic flow. This was completed on November 13, 2022.[124] In June 2020, the Portage Road interchange began to be rebuilt. Planned for completion in 2022, delay prevented this to November 2023.[125] The rest of the second phase was competed in 2023, involved rebuilding and widening the roadway form the new diverging Dimond to airport road. The third phase began in 2023, and is expected to be completed in 2025.[123]
In January 2022, MDOT announced plans to rebuild the roadway in Battle Creek.[126] The project also involved rebuilding rest stops, with the old faculties being demolished and replaced by newer, larger ones.[127] In March 2024, the project began, with the first phase working to rebuild the segment between Puetz Road and Britain Avenue. The project, which costs $205 million and squeezes traffic from six lanes to four, also involves rebuilding many overpasses. Work is expected to transition to rebuilding the westbound roadway from Washington Avenue to Empire Avenue and the westbound I-94 bridge over Pipestone Road in 2025, with the rest of the project competed in 2026.[128]
In October 1994, an environmental impact study began to reconstruct the segment of roadway in Detroit to contemporary standards.[129] In December 2004, the study was completed, and right of way acquisition began in December 2005. In 2015, MDOT held a meeting to allow for public feedback, another one was held in Summer 2016. At the request of these meetings, plans for the project were altered later in fall.[130] The project has been criticized as a financial blow to the already poor neighborhoods it will affect.[131] Rebuilding of overpasses began in 2018, and by Spring 2024, roadway reconstruction began. Alongside widening the road to 8 lanes, it will also make the road compliant to modern safety standards, such as including a wider median, adequate declaration lanes, improved drainage, and retaining walls.[132] Also as part of this project, the M-10 interchange is being rebuilt. The entire project is expected to be completed in July 2026.[133] The project is expected to cost 2.7 billion.[131]
In December 2022, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) began a study to potentially toll its interstate highways. Under the study, I-94 would be converted into a toll road by 2028, with drivers paying through use of Electronic toll gantries. However not all of the road would be tolled, with only a set segment having tolls introduced.[134] Despite this, lawmakers, notably Democrats, are unable to consider the suggestion, despite coming to power under the promise.[135]
Exit list
[edit]County | Location | mi[1] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berrien | New Buffalo Township | 0.000 | 0.000 | ![]() ![]() | Indiana state line | |
1.446 | 2.327 | 1 | ![]() ![]() | Formerly signed La Porte Road; northern terminus of M-239; New Buffalo signed eastbound only | ||
3.556– 3.582 | 5.723– 5.765 | 4 | ![]() ![]() | Western end of LMCT concurrency; signed as exits 4A (east) and 4B (west); Three Oaks signed eastbound only | ||
New Buffalo–Chikaming township line | 6.232 | 10.029 | 6 | Union Pier | Connectss to Union Pier Road | |
Chikaming Township | 12.015 | 19.336 | 12 | Sawyer | Connects to Sawyer Road | |
Bridgman | 15.561 | 25.043 | 16 | Bridgman | Connects to Red Arrow Highway | |
Stevensville | 21.521 | 34.635 | 22 | John Beers Road – Stevensville | Stevensville signed eastbound only | |
Lincoln Township | 23.358 | 37.591 | 23 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Eastern end of LMCT concurrency; BL I-94, Benton Harbor, and St. Joseph signed eastbound only; Stevensville and Red Arrow Highway signed westbound only; western terminus of BL I-94 | |
St. Joseph Township | 26.957 | 43.383 | 27 | ![]() | ||
Benton Township | 28.253 | 45.469 | 28 | ![]() | ||
29.496 | 47.469 | 29 | Pipestone Road | |||
30.408 | 48.937 | 30 | Napier Avenue | |||
32.351– 32.360 | 52.064– 52.078 | 33 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Western end of US 31 concurrency; signed as exits 33A (US 31) and 33B (BL I-94/Main Street westbound, Main Street eastbound); eastern terminus of BL I-94 | ||
34.144– 34.167 | 54.949– 54.986 | 34 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Eastern end of US 31 concurrency; southern terminus of I-196; signs westbound omit Grand Rapids; signs eastbound omit South Haven | ||
Coloma Township | 38.528 | 62.005 | 39 | Millburg, Coloma | Connects to Friday Road | |
Watervliet Township | 40.762 | 65.600 | 41 | ![]() | ||
Van Buren | Hartford Township | 45.763 | 73.648 | 46 | Hartford | Connects to CR 687 |
Lawrence Township | 51.730 | 83.251 | 52 | Lawrence | Connects to CR 365 | |
Paw Paw Township | 56.281 | 90.575 | 56 | ![]() | Northern terminus of M-51 | |
Paw Paw | 59.958 | 96.493 | 60 | ![]() | ||
Mattawan | 65.826 | 105.937 | 66 | Mattawan | Connects to Main Street | |
Kalamazoo | Texas Township | 71.592 | 115.216 | 72 | 9th Street – Oshtemo | |
Portage | 73.591– 73.649 | 118.433– 118.527 | 74 | ![]() | Signed as exits 74A (south) and 74B (north); former western terminus of BL I-94; Kalamazoo signed eastbound only; exit 34 on US 131 | |
74.845 | 120.451 | 75 | Oakland Drive | |||
76.106 | 122.481 | 76 | Westnedge Avenue | |||
Kalamazoo | 77.753 | 125.131 | 78 | Portage Road | ||
Kalamazoo–Comstock Township line | 79.576 | 128.065 | 80 | Sprinkle Road, Cork Street | ||
Comstock Township | 80.911 | 130.214 | 81 | ![]() ![]() | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; eastern terminus of BS I-94 | |
85.103 | 136.960 | 85 | 35th Street – Augusta, Galesburg | Galesburg and Augusta signed eastbound only; 35th Street signed westbound only | ||
Charleston Township | 87.945 | 141.534 | 88 | Climax, Galesburg | Climax signed eastbound only; Galesburg signed westbound only; connects to 40th Street | |
91.887 | 147.878 | Gate to Fort Custer Training Center | At-grade intersection for military vehicles only; only driveway on an Interstate Highway in Michigan;[10] not signed in either direction | |||
Calhoun | Battle Creek | 92.055 | 148.148 | 92 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | BL I-94, Battle Creek, and Springfield signed eastbound only; Augusta and Climax signed westbound only; western terminus of BL I-94; southern terminus of M-37 |
95.082 | 153.020 | 95 | Helmer Road – Springfield | Signs eastbound omit Springfield | ||
97.116 | 156.293 | 97 | Capital Avenue | |||
Battle Creek–Emmett Township line | 98.239– 98.269 | 158.100– 158.149 | 98 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Signed as exits 98A (south, M-66) and 98B (north, I-194/M-66); southern terminus of I-194; exit 1 on I-194 | |
Emmett Township | 99.748 | 160.529 | 100 | ![]() | Southern terminus of M-294 | |
103.629 | 166.775 | 103 | ![]() ![]() | Former partial interchange with westbound exit to westbound M-96 and eastbound entrance from eastbound M-96 only; permanently closed in 2009 | ||
103.829 | 167.097 | 104 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Signs eastbound omit BL I-94; eastern terminus of BL I-94; northern terminus of M-311 | ||
Marshall Township | 108.175– 108.198 | 174.091– 174.128 | 108 | ![]() | Western terminus of BL I-94; exit 38 on I-69 | |
Marshall | 109.879 | 176.833 | 110 | Old 27 | Former US 27 | |
Marengo Township | 111.997 | 180.242 | 112 | ![]() ![]() | Partello Road signed eastbound only; BL I-94 and Marshall signed westbound only; eastern terminus of BL I-94 | |
115.359 | 185.652 | 115 | 22+1⁄2 Mile Road | |||
Sheridan Township | 118.552 | 190.791 | 119 | ![]() ![]() | Western terminus of M-199 | |
Albion | 121.364 | 195.316 | 121 | ![]() ![]() | BL I-94 and Albion signed eastbound only; 28 Mile Road signed westbound only; western terminus of BL I-94 | |
Jackson | Parma Township | 123.830 | 199.285 | 124 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Signs eastbound omit BL I-94 and Albion; eastern terminus of BL I-94 |
126.872 | 204.181 | 127 | Concord Road | |||
Parma–Sandstone township line | 128.417 | 206.667 | 128 | Michigan Avenue | ||
Sandstone Township | 129.498 | 208.407 | 130 | Parma Road | ||
132.633 | 213.452 | 133 | Dearing Road – Spring Arbor | Spring Arbor signed eastbound only | ||
Blackman Township | 135.785– 135.804 | 218.525– 218.555 | 136 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Signs westbound omit Jackson; signs eastbound omit Spring Arbor; western terminus of BL I-94; eastern terminus of M-60 | |
137.035 | 220.536 | 137 | Airport Road | |||
138.393 | 222.722 | 138 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Western end of US 127 concurrency; northern terminus of Bus. US 127; exit 43 on US 127; reconstructed into a diverging diamond interchange in 2022 | ||
139.008 | 223.712 | — | Lansing Avenue | Former interchange removed in 1962[56][57] | ||
139.589 | 224.647 | 139 | ![]() | |||
140.615 | 226.298 | 141 | Elm Road | |||
141.617 | 227.910 | — | Dettman Road | Former eastbound exit and westbound entrance; removed in 1962 | ||
Leoni Township | 141.926– 141.938 | 228.408– 228.427 | 142 | ![]() ![]() | Eastern end of US 127 concurrency; exit 40 on US 127 | |
143.849 | 231.503 | 144 | ![]() ![]() | Partial interchange that had served Ann Arbor Road with westbound exit and eastbound entrance; exit removed in 2012 | ||
144.537 | 232.610 | 145 | ![]() ![]() | Signs eastbound omit BL I-94 and Jackson; eastern terminus of BL I-94 | ||
147.200 | 236.895 | 147 | Race Road | Eastbound entrance via Ann Arbor Road | ||
Grass Lake Township | 150.061 | 241.500 | 150 | Mt. Hope Road – Grass Lake | ||
153.157 | 246.482 | 153 | Clear Lake Road | |||
Washtenaw | Sylvan Township | 155.822 | 250.771 | 156 | Kalmbach Road | |
157.237 | 253.048 | 157 | Old US 12, Pierce Road | |||
Chelsea | 159.410 | 256.546 | 159 | ![]() | ||
Lima Township | 162.139 | 260.937 | 162 | Old US 12, Jackson Road | ||
Scio Township | 167.072 | 268.876 | 167 | Baker Road – Dexter | ||
169.213 | 272.322 | 169 | Zeeb Road | |||
171.001 | 275.199 | 171 | ![]() ![]() | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; western terminus of M-14 | ||
Ann Arbor | 172.168 | 277.078 | 172 | ![]() ![]() | Signs westbound omit BL I-94; western terminus of BL I-94; no access from eastbound I-94 to westbound Jackson Avenue | |
175.081 | 281.766 | 175 | Ann Arbor–Saline Road | |||
176.548 | 284.126 | 177 | State Street | |||
Pittsfield Township | 179.522– 179.540 | 288.913– 288.942 | 180 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Signed as exits 180A (south, US 23) and 180B (north, US 23/BL I-94); signs eastbound omit BL I-94; eastern terminus of BL I-94; eastbound exit uses collector-distributor lanes; Flint signed eastbound only, Ann Arbor signed westbound only; exit 35 on US 23 | |
179.792 | 289.347 | — | ![]() | Original routing of US 23;[47] was a four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange that was demolished when current US 23 exit was built in 1962[58][59] | ||
181.265 | 291.718 | 181 | ![]() ![]() | Western end of US 12 concurrency; signed as exits 181A (west) and 181B (east) westbound; Ypsilanti signed eastbound only, Saline signed westbound only | ||
Ypsilanti | 183.084 | 294.645 | 183 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Western terminus of Bus. US 12 | |
183.986 | 296.097 | 184 | Grove Street | Exit was removed in 1967; was a complete interchange with westbound access via right-in/right-out to Emerick Street[136][137] | ||
Ypsilanti Township | 185.023 | 297.766 | 185 | ![]() ![]() | Eastern end of US 12 concurrency; eastbound exit and westbound entrance | |
186.227 | 299.703 | 186 | Willow Run Airport | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; connects to Wiard Road | ||
187.129 | 301.155 | 187 | Rawsonville Road | |||
Wayne | Van Buren Township | 190.240 | 306.162 | 190 | Belleville Road – Belleville | |
192.572 | 309.915 | 192 | Haggerty Road | West access to Lower Huron Metropark | ||
193.368 | 311.196 | 193 | Huron River Drive | Exit removed in 1973; was an eastbound exit and westbound entrance via Northline Road[138][139] | ||
Romulus | 193.978– 194.002 | 312.177– 312.216 | 194 | ![]() | Signed as exits 194A (south) and 194B (north) eastbound; westbound exit uses collector-distributor lane; exit 17 on I-275 | |
195.434 | 314.521 | 196 | Wayne Road – Wayne | |||
196.368 | 316.024 | 197 | Vining Road | |||
197.804 | 318.335 | 198 | ![]() | Collector-distributor lanes connect with exit 199; signed as exits 198A (Metro Airport) and 198B (Merriman Road north) eastbound | ||
198.548 | 319.532 | 199 | Middle Belt Road | Connected to exit 198 | ||
Taylor | 200.317 | 322.379 | 200 | Ecorse Road – Inkster | Directional access from I-94 to Ecorse Road (eastbound to eastbound and westbound to westbound only); Inkster signed westbound only | |
202.002 | 325.091 | 202 | ![]() | |||
Allen Park | 204.388– 204.399 | 328.931– 328.948 | 204 | ![]() | Exit 1 on M-39 | |
206.398 | 332.165 | 206 | Oakwood Boulevard | Signed as exits 206A (south) and 206B (north) westbound; access to The Henry Ford | ||
Dearborn | 207.626– 208.011 | 334.142– 334.761 | 208 | Schaefer Road, Greenfield Road | Eastbound exit to Greenfield Road and westbound entrance from southbound Greenfield Road only; Schaefer Road access via trumpet interchange with unnamed road to Ford River Rouge Complex and partial cloverleaf interchange to Schaefer and Butler roads | |
208.882 | 336.163 | 209 | Rotunda Drive | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance | ||
209.795 | 337.632 | 210A | ![]() | Signed as exit 210 eastbound; no westbound exit to Wyoming Avenue; access from Wyoming Avenue to eastbound I-94 at exit 210B | ||
Detroit | 210.048– 210.352 | 338.039– 338.529 | 210B | ![]() ![]() | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; eastbound entrance via Weir Street; eastern terminus of M-153 | |
210.669 | 339.039 | 211A | Lonyo Avenue | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance | ||
211.268 | 340.003 | 211B | Central Avenue, Cecil Avenue | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; service drives connect to Central Avenue | ||
211.793 | 340.848 | 212A | Livernois Avenue | Signed as exit 212 westbound | ||
212.597 | 342.142 | 212B | Warren Avenue | Indirect access via 30th Street; westbound exit is via exit 213A | ||
212.819– 212.841 | 342.499– 342.534 | 213A | West Grand Boulevard, Warren Avenue | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; former eastbound exit removed 2012 | ||
213.363– 213.407 | 343.374– 343.445 | 213B | ![]() | Exit 190A on I-96 | ||
213.598– 213.700 | 343.753– 343.917 | 214A | ![]() | Signed as exit 214 westbound; second eastbound entrance from 14th Street; signs eastbound omit Linwood Avenue | ||
214.414 | 345.066 | 214B | Trumbull Avenue | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance | ||
214.712– 214.744 | 345.545– 345.597 | 215 | ![]() | Signed as exits 215A (south) and 215B (north); exit 4 on M-10 | ||
215.229– 215.562 | 346.377– 346.913 | 215C | ![]() | John R. Street signed eastbound only, Brush Street signed westbound only | ||
215.868– 215.882 | 347.406– 347.428 | 216A | ![]() | Exit 53 on I-75; includes entrances from Warren Avenue | ||
216.013 | 347.639 | 216B | Russell Street | Eastbound exit only | ||
216.603 | 348.589 | 217A | Chene Street, East Grand Boulevard | No westbound exit or entrance from southbound East Grand Boulevard to westbound I-94; westbound access to East Grand Boulevard northbound only at exit 217B | ||
217.333 | 349.764 | 217B | Mount Elliott Avenue | Signed as exit 217 (Mount Elliott Avenue, East Grand Boulevard) westbound | ||
218.226 | 351.201 | 218 | ![]() | |||
219.016 | 352.472 | 219 | ![]() | |||
219.560 | 353.348 | 220A | French Road | No westbound exit | ||
219.978– 220.086 | 354.020– 354.194 | 220B | Conner Avenue – Detroit City Airport | No access from southbound Conner Avenue to eastbound I-94 | ||
221.387– 221.622 | 356.288– 356.666 | 222A | Outer Drive, Chalmers Avenue | |||
222.292 | 357.744 | 222B | Harper Avenue | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance | ||
223.048 | 358.961 | 223 | Cadieux Road | |||
223.755 | 360.099 | 224A | Moross Road | |||
Harper Woods | 224.430 | 361.185 | 224B | Allard Avenue, Eastwood Drive | No entrances to I-94; signs eastbound omit Eastwood Drive | |
225.352– 225.376 | 362.669– 362.708 | 225 | ![]() ![]() | Eastern terminus of M-102; additional westbound entrance from southbound Harper Avenue | ||
Macomb | Eastpointe–St. Clair Shores city line | 226.893 | 365.149 | 227 | 9 Mile Road | |
Eastpointe–Roseville–St. Clair Shores city tripoint | 227.967 | 366.877 | 228 | 10 Mile Road | ||
Roseville–St. Clair Shores city line | 228.742– 229.426 | 368.125– 369.225 | 229 | ![]() ![]() 11 Mile Road | Eastern terminus of I-696 | |
230.014 | 370.172 | 230 | 12 Mile Road | |||
Roseville | 230.890 | 371.581 | 231 | ![]() | Eastbound exit to northbound M-3 and westbound entrance only | |
231.354 | 372.328 | 232 | Little Mack Avenue | |||
Clinton Township | 234.209 | 376.923 | 234 | Harper Avenue | Signed as exits 234A (south) and 234B (north) | |
Harrison Township | 234.873 | 377.991 | 235 | Shook Road | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance | |
235.909– 235.921 | 379.659– 379.678 | 236 | Metropolitan Parkway | |||
Mt. Clemens | 237.266 | 381.843 | 237 | North River Road – Mt. Clemens | ||
Harrison–Chesterfield township line | 240.027– 240.259 | 386.286– 386.659 | 240 | ![]() | Signed as exits 240A (M-59 east, Selfridge ANG) and 240B (M-59 west, Utica) eastbound; eastern terminus of M-59; roadway continues beyond terminus as William P. Rosso Highway | |
Chesterfield Township | 241.193 | 388.163 | 241 | 21 Mile Road | ||
243.453 | 391.800 | 243 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Northern terminus of M-3; southern terminus of M-29; signs eastbound omit M-3 and Utica; signs westbound omit Algonac | ||
246.737 | 397.085 | 247 | ![]() ![]() | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; southern terminus of M-19 | ||
Lenox Township | 248.118 | 399.307 | 248 | 26 Mile Road – Marine City | Westbound access to New Haven | |
St. Clair | Casco–Columbus township line | 257.185 | 413.899 | 257 | Richmond, St. Clair | Signs eastbound omit Richmond; connects to Fred W. Moore Highway |
St. Clair Township | 262.131 | 421.859 | 262 | Wadhams Road | ||
Kimball Township | 266.330 | 428.617 | 266 | ![]() ![]() | Signs westbound omit BL I-94; western terminus of BL I-94 | |
Kimball–Port Huron township line | 269.525 | 433.758 | 269 | Range Road, Dove Street | Signs westbound omit Dove Street | |
Port Huron Township | 271.271– 271.820 | 436.568– 437.452 | 271 | ![]() ![]() | Western end of I-69 concurrency; signs eastbound omit Lansing; exit 198 on I-69 | |
271.529 | 436.984 | ![]() ![]() | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; western terminus of BL I-69 | |||
273.826 | 440.680 | 274 | Water Street, Lapeer Avenue – Port Huron | Signed as exits 274A (Lapeer Avenue) and 274B (Water Street) eastbound; indirect access to Lapeer Avenue via Lapeer Connector (former M-146); no direct eastbound entrance to Blue Water Bridge | ||
Port Huron | 275.102 | 442.734 | 275 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Western end of LHCT concurrency; eastbound last exit before Canada; eastern terminus of BL I-69/BL I-94; southern terminus of M-25; signs eastbound omit BL I-69/BL I-94 and Lexington; no exit number westbound | |
274.770 | 442.199 | Toll Plaza (eastbound) U.S. Customs (westbound) | ||||
St. Clair River Canadian border | 275.304– 275.398 | 443.059– 443.210 | Blue Water Bridge (tolled) | |||
![]() ![]() | Continuation into Ontario | |||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Related trunklines
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Interstate_194_Michigan.jpg/220px-Interstate_194_Michigan.jpg)
There are nine highways related to I-94 in Michigan. The first is the spur into downtown Battle Creek numbered I-194 and nicknamed "The Penetrator"[140] and officially called the "Sojourner Truth Downtown Parkway".[141] This auxiliary Interstate Highway runs for about three miles (4.8 km) to connect I-94 northward into downtown. The other eight highways are business loops of I-94 that connect various cities' downtowns with the main freeway. Unlike I-194, these loops are not freeways. Located from west to east along I-94's routing in Michigan, they serve Benton Harbor–St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, Marshall, Albion, Jackson, Ann Arbor, and Port Huron.[6]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ The Michigan State Highway Department was reorganized into the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation on August 23, 1973.[15] The name was shortened to its current form in 1978.[16]
- ^ AASHO was renamed the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) on November 11, 1973.[20]
- ^ At the time the United States Numbered Highway System was created, the highway along the modern US 12 through Coldwater and Ypsilanti to Detroit was numbered US 112.[21]
- ^ The other highway so designated is a section of US 131.[91]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Michigan Department of Transportation (2021). Next Generation PR Finder (Map). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ a b Treloar, James (December 2, 1959). "Expressway Will Remake Southwest Michigan: 55 Miles More Open Next Week". The News-Palladium. Benton Harbor, Michigan. § 2, p. 1. OCLC 10117334. Retrieved August 14, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (April 23, 2006). National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 20, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
- ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
- ^ Bureau of Transportation Planning (2015). "Traffic Monitoring Information System". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Michigan Department of Transportation (2013). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. §§ N7–M14, M14–K14. OCLC 42778335, 861227559.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Overview Map of Interstate 94 in Michigan" (Map). Google Maps. Google. August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, Michigan: The Priscilla Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-886167-24-7. OCLC 57425393.
- ^ a b Springgate, Jack (November 9, 2022). "New US 31 Route Opens to Warm Receptions". 16 News Now. South Bend, Indiana: WNDU-TV. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ^ a b Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "Road & Highway Facts". History & Culture. Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ Strong, Michael (October 24, 2005). "Detroit Builds Gateway Link Inspired by Super Bowl". Engineering News-Record. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ Morrison, Roger L. (Autumn 1937). "The History and Development of Michigan Highways". Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review. Vol. 39, no. 54. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Bureau of Alumni Relations. pp. 59–73. OCLC 698029175.
- ^ Mason, Philip P. (1959). Michigan Highways From Indian Trails to Expressways. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Braun-Brumfield. p. 18. OCLC 23314983.
- ^ Michigan Legislature (1915) [enacted May 13, 1913]. "Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways". In Shields, Edmund C.; Black, Cyrenius P. & Broomfield, Archibald (eds.). The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan. Vol. 1. Lansing, Michigan: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford. pp. 1868–72. OCLC 44724558. Retrieved January 24, 2012 – via Google Books.
- ^ Kulsea, Bill & Shawver, Tom (1980). Making Michigan Move: A History of Michigan Highways and the Michigan Department of Transportation. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. p. 27. OCLC 8169232. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Wikisource.
- ^ Kulsea & Shawver (1980), pp. 30–1.
- ^ "Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System". The Grand Rapids Press. September 20, 1919. p. 10. OCLC 9975013.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (July 1, 1919). State of Michigan (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Lower Peninsula sheet. OCLC 15607244. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the US Interstate System. New York: Sterling. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4027-3468-7. OCLC 63377558.
- ^ Federal Highway Administration (December 4, 2012). "November 13". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
- ^ a b Michigan State Highway Department (December 1, 1926). Official Highway Condition Map (Map). [c. 1:823,680]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj "Michigan Highways: Route Listings: I-94". www.michiganhighways.org. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Hyde, Charles K. (1993). Historic Highway Bridges of Michigan. Great Lakes Books. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8143-2448-6. OCLC 27011079. Retrieved September 7, 2019 – via Archive.org.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department & Rand McNally (July 15, 1940). Official Michigan Highway Map (Map) (Summer ed.). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Battle Creek inset. OCLC 12701143. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department & Rand McNally (December 1, 1941). Official Michigan Highway Map (Map) (Winter ed.). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Battle Creek inset. OCLC 12701143.
- ^ a b c d "Aging Willow Run Expressway Has Served Michigan Well". The Ann Arbor News. July 15, 1972. p. 12. OCLC 9497417. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2013 – via Ann Arbor District Library.
- ^ a b Michigan State Highway Department (April 15, 1956). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ M12–M13. OCLC 12701120.
- ^ a b Michigan State Highway Department (October 1, 1956). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ M12–M13. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department & Rand McNally (June 1, 1943). Official Michigan Highway Map (Map) (Summer ed.). [c. 1:850,000]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ M12–M13.
- ^ Barnett (2004), p. 81.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "US 12 (Michigan Avenue)–I-94". Michigan's Historic Bridges. Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ Van Buren County Road Commission (2011). Van Buren County General Road Map (PDF) (Map) (2011 ed.). Scale not given. Lawrence, Michigan: Van Buren County Road Commission. § G10. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (April 15, 1954). Michigan Water Wonderland: Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § M9. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (October 1, 1954). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § M9. OCLC 12701120.
- ^ "Expressway construction". Detroit Free Press. August 19, 1954. p. 15. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Brown, Bernice (n.d.). "Edsel Ford Expressway". Encyclopedia of Detroit. Detroit Historical Society. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
- ^ Public Roads Administration (August 2, 1947). National System of Interstate Highways (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Public Roads Administration. Retrieved September 4, 2010 – via Wikimedia Commons.
- ^ Public Roads Administration (September 1955). "National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" (Map). General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955. Scale not given. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. OCLC 416597 – via Wikimedia Commons.
- ^ Public Roads Administration (August 2, 1947). National System of Interstate Highways (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Public Roads Administration. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (April 25, 1958). "Recommended Numbering: Interstate Highways in Michigan". Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Archived from the original on November 21, 2003. Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (June 27, 1958). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. Retrieved May 10, 2008 – via Wikimedia Commons.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (1958). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Port Huron inset. OCLC 12701120, 51856742. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (1960). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Port Huron inset. OCLC 12701120, 81552576. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
- ^ "Temporary Double Signs for Highway". The News-Palladium. Benton Harbor, Michigan. January 15, 1959. § 2, p. 1. OCLC 10117334. Retrieved July 13, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Marshall and Area Chronology for 1959". Marshall Evening Chronicle. December 31, 1959. pp. 4–5. OCLC 18110507. Retrieved August 11, 2018 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (1960). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Metro Detroit inset. OCLC 12701120, 81552576. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
- ^ a b Michigan State Highway Department (1958). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Metro Detroit inset. OCLC 12701120, 51856742. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
- ^ "Michigan Delays Road Number System". Toledo Blade. June 4, 1959. p. 11. OCLC 12962635. Retrieved November 21, 2010 – via Google News.
- ^ "Interstate 75 Road Markers Are Unveiled". The Herald-Press. St. Joseph, Michigan. Associated Press. October 13, 1959. p. 3. OCLC 10117184. Retrieved July 10, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "1960s". History & Culture. Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 22, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ "Highway System Discussed for Lions Tuesday". Escanaba Daily Press. January 19, 1961. p. 15. OCLC 9670912. Retrieved May 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "South of New Buffalo: I-94 Section Opens Tomorrow". The News-Palladium. Benton Harbor, Michigan. August 14, 1963. § 2 p. 1. OCLC 10117334. Retrieved May 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (1963). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ L14–M14. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan State Highway Department (1964). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. §§ L14–M14. OCLC 12701120, 81213707. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ "Sees I-96 As Weekend Life-Saver". The News-Palladium. Benton Harbor, Michigan. August 31, 1963. p. 3. OCLC 10117334. Retrieved May 6, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Michigan State Highway Department (1962). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Jackson inset. OCLC 12701120, 173191490. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ a b c Michigan State Highway Department (1963). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Jackson inset. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ a b Michigan State Highway Department (1962). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § M12. OCLC 12701120, 173191490. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ a b Michigan State Highway Department (1963). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § M12. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Baulch, Vivian M. & Zacharias, Patricia (February 26, 1997). "Detroit's Giant Stove and Tire". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- ^ "I-94 Terminus Is Dedicated". The Holland Evening Sentinel. United Press International. October 14, 1964. p. 12. ISSN 1050-4044. OCLC 13440201. Retrieved May 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Freeway Interchange Takes Shape Here". Port Huron Times Herald. October 2, 1963. p. 18. Retrieved July 10, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Big Four Drain, Ford Expressway Extension St Clair Shores". Detroit Free Press. January 27, 1964. p. 3. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ "Dearborn I-94 Plan Approved". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1964. p. 5A. Retrieved July 10, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1966). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. § M14. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1967). Michigan Water-Winter Wonderland: Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. § M14. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ "Railroad Once Crossed I-94". Albion Morning Star. July 27, 2008. p. 6. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2014 – via Albion Historical Notebook.
- ^ a b Michigan Department of State Highways (1967). Michigan Water-Winter Wonderland: Official Highway Map (Map). Not to scale. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Michigan Freeways inset. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1968). Official Highway Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Detroit and Vicinity inset. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1968). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. §§ K12, M10–N10. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1970). Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Highway Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8. OCLC 12701120.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1971). Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Highway Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8. OCLC 12701120, 77960415.
- ^ "Coming Color: Lane Lines To Be Yellow". The State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. May 17, 1972. p. B5. OCLC 9714548.
- ^ "Last Stretch of I-94 Open". Ironwood Daily Globe. Associated Press. November 2, 1972. p. 7. OCLC 10890811. Retrieved May 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1973). Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Highway Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § G5. OCLC 12701120, 81679137. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation (1974). Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § G5. OCLC 12701177, 83138602. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ "I-94 Ramps Open Today". The Herald-Palladium. St. Joseph, Michigan. August 7, 1979. p. 15. OCLC 3479353. Retrieved April 26, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ American Automobile Association (October 1971). AAA Detroit Southern Suburbs (Map). Scale not given. Falls Church, Virginia: American Automobile Association. Southfield Road Interchange inset.
- ^ Laitner, Bill (April 1, 1985). "DOT Promises Road Construction Will Be Hassle-Free". Detroit Free Press. p. 3E. Retrieved July 10, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Horror, Grief and Debris Mark Scene of Fatal Crash". The San Bernardino County Sun. San Bernardino, California. Associated Press. August 18, 1987. p. A5. OCLC 51620589. Retrieved May 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Burnett, Jim; Kolstad, James L.; Lauber, John L. & Nall, Joseph T. (May 10, 1988). Aircraft Accident Report: Northwest Airlines, Inc., McDonnell-Douglas DC-9-82, N312RC, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Romulus, Michigan, August 16, 1987 (PDF). Washington, DC: National Transportation Safety Board. p. 5. NTSB/AAR-88/05. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
- ^ Fritz, Mark (August 19, 1987). "Dangerous Wind Shifts at Detroit Airport Detected 30 Minutes Before Fatal Crash". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Associated Press. p. A1. ISSN 0319-0714. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
- ^ "Memorial Held for Victims of 1987 Plane Crash". MLive.com. Booth Newspapers. Associated Press. August 16, 2012. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
- ^ Hyde (1993), p. 152.
- ^ a b Johnston, Louis & Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
- ^ Barnett (2004), p. 117.
- ^ a b Blue Water Bridge (n.d.). "Construction of the Second Span". Research Library. Blue Water Bridge. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
- ^ Egan, Paul (July 23, 1997). "Just Another Day for Cars, Trucks as New Blue Water Bridge Opens". Times Herald. Port Huron, Michigan. p. 1A. OCLC 36177739. Retrieved August 26, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "MICHIGAN MEMORIAL HIGHWAY ACT (EXCERPT) Act 142 of 2001". www.legislature.mi.gov.
- ^ Barnett (2004), pp. 163–4.
- ^ a b Barnett (2004), pp. 215–16.
- ^ American Automobile Association (October 1971). AAA Detroit Southern Suburbs (Map). Scale not given. Falls Church, Virginia: American Automobile Association. Telegraph Road Interchange inset. Archived from the original on June 3, 2014.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "Single-Point Urban Interchange (SPUI)". Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
- ^ McGraw, Bill (September 28, 2005). "I-94 Bridge Builders Go by the Playbook". Detroit Free Press. pp. 1B, 2B. ISSN 1055-2758. Retrieved January 13, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Abdalla, Hiba & Benesch, Alfred (February 28, 2014). "Case Study: Designing Michigan's I-94 Gateway Arch Bridges". LUSAS Bridge. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
- ^ https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAB0701.pdf
- ^ "I-94 project starts in 2007". The Voice. December 26, 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Office of the Governor (June 29, 2012). "Snyder Signs Bills to Commit Dollars to Infrastructure" (Press release). Office of the Governor. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ MLive, Tom Haroldson | Special to (April 2, 2009). "$68 million project on I-94 at Westnedge set for June". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ MLive, Tom Haroldson | Special to (November 17, 2011). "I-94 project at Westnedge to wrap up today, in time for the holiday shopping season". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Helms, Matt (February 17, 2011). "$90M Upgrade Coming to I-94/I-69 in Port Huron Area". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
- ^ Morosi, Rob (n.d.). "Seeing Is Believing on I-94". Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
- ^ LeBlanc, Beth (June 3, 2013). "New MDOT Freeway Fix Shakes up Neighbors: Rumble Strips to Alert Drivers Irritate Families". Times Herald. Port Huron, Michigan. Archived from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
- ^ "I-94 Interchange Closes Monday". Battle Creek Enquirer. April 24, 2009. OCLC 33956507. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "I-94, Sargent Road Interchange Reconstruction" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Arend, Kari (October 21, 2012). "Continuous Single-Lane Closure on I-94 at Sargent Road in Jackson to Start Oct. 21" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "I-94, Sargent Road Interchange Reconstruction" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Arend, Kari (October 21, 2012). "Continuous Single-Lane Closure on I-94 at Sargent Road in Jackson to Start Oct. 21" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10153370420672216&type=3&_rdr
- ^ a b LeBlanc, Beth (June 26, 2014). "Construction Will Close Eastbound I-69 Exit". Times Herald. Port Huron, Michigan. Archived from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
- ^ Greenwood, Tom (September 16, 2015). "MDOT Reopens I-94/I-69 Interchange near Port Huron". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ Witt, Jeremy (July 22, 2016). "State's Newest Michigan Byway to Be Designated on Monday". West Michigan Tourist Association. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ Barnett (2004), p. 237.
- ^ emonacel@mlive.com, Emily Monacelli | (April 16, 2016). "These roads will be torn up around Kalamazoo this summer". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ emonacel@mlive.com, Emily Monacelli | (August 4, 2016). "Most of reconstructed I-94 exit reopened in Kalamazoo County". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ NEWSCHANNEL 3 (February 1, 2018). "I-94 stretch to be named after fallen Comstock fire chief". WWMT. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Bradshaw, LeveAnder (November 20, 2018). "State of Michigan names portion of I-94 in honor of corrections officers killed on duty". WDIV. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ rwhite@mlive.com, Rose White | (October 9, 2021). "Stretch of highway to be named after MDOT worker killed while working on I-94". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Swidwa, Julie (November 5, 2022). "Final Leg of US 31 Freeway in Berrien County to Open Next Week". The Herald Palladium. St. Joseph, Michigan. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
- ^ Berg, Kara (August 7, 2023). "Work Begins on Pilot Project to Build 'World's Most Sophisticated Roadway' in Wayne County". The Detroit News. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
- ^ "Testing to begin soon on I-94 for connected and automated vehicle lane". WXYZ 7 News Detroit. May 28, 2024. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Muller, Joann (July 2, 2024). "First look: America's smartest highway". www.axios.com.
- ^ a b "I-94 road & bridge rebuilding project - Jackson County". www.michigan.gov.
- ^ cmiller@mlive.com, Chloe Miller | (November 30, 2022). "The new diverging diamond interchange is open at I-94, U.S. 127. Here's how to navigate it". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ bdeverea@mlive.com, Brad Devereaux | (November 16, 2023). "I-94, Portage Road project ends after 3 years, businesses excited to move on". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Buckley, Nick. "I-94 in Battle Creek to be rebuilt as part of 4-year, $120 million project". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ amiller2@mlive.com, Aya Miller | (August 30, 2024). "I-94 rest area closing for $4.9M rebuild". mlive. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "I-94 rebuilding project in Berrien County starts in early March". www.michigan.gov. February 20, 2024.
- ^ Martin, Gerald H.; Hershkowitz, Paul; Mauer, James A.; Frazier, Janice; Dulic, Charles (January 1, 1997). MIS Case Study: I-94 Rehabilitation Project - Detroit, Michigan.
- ^ "History and Project Milestones – I-94 Modernization Project". i94detroit.org. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ a b "Widening I-94 Through Detroit, Michigan". pirg.org. December 1, 2020.
- ^ "About – I-94 Modernization Project". i94detroit.org. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ "I-94/M-40 Interchange Reconstruction Study". www.michigan.gov.
- ^ HNTB & CDM Smith (December 21, 2022). Michigan Statewide Tolling Study: Strategic Implementation Plan (PDF) (Draft ed.). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
- ^ Gibbons, Lauren (March 31, 2021). "Michigan Democrats in No Rush to Prioritize 'Fixing the Damn Roads'". Bridge Michigan. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1967). Michigan Water-Winter Wonderland: Official Highway Map (Map). Not to scale. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Michigan Freeways inset. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1968). Official Highway Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Detroit and Vicinity inset. OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways (1973). Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Highway Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Detroit and Vicinity inset. OCLC 12701120, 81679137. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation (1974). Michigan, Great Lake State: Official Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:158,400. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. Detroit and Vicinity inset. OCLC 12701177, 83138602. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ Vander Meer, John J. (March 18, 2002). "Penetrator to Get $1.6M Face-Lift". Battle Creek Enquirer. pp. 1A, 7A. OCLC 33956507. Retrieved July 12, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Barnett (2004), p. 201.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Geographic data related to I-94 in Michigan at OpenStreetMap
- I-94 at Michigan Highways
- M-112 at Michigan Highways
- Interstate 94
- Interstate Highways in Michigan
- Lake Michigan Circle Tour
- Transportation in Berrien County, Michigan
- Transportation in Van Buren County, Michigan
- Transportation in Kalamazoo County, Michigan
- Transportation in Calhoun County, Michigan
- Transportation in Jackson County, Michigan
- Transportation in Washtenaw County, Michigan
- Transportation in Wayne County, Michigan
- Transportation in Macomb County, Michigan
- Transportation in St. Clair County, Michigan