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1745 in Canada

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1745
in
Canada

Decades:
See also:

Events from the year 1745 in Canada.

Incumbents

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Governors

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Events

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Births

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Deaths

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Historical documents

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Pamphlet (written in January 1745) argues that Île-Royale must be captured to protect valuable fishery in Newfoundland[3]

Rising British Army officer says few provisions, little gunpowder, poor discipline and leadership, and exposed defences make Louisbourg vulnerable[4]

Massachusetts government moves (relatively) quickly to mount military expedition to take Louisbourg and Île-Royale[5]

Siege of Louisbourg ends with French defenders and British invaders agreeing to capitulation and transfer of French to France at British expense[6]

Governor William Shirley sends report and journal of Louisbourg siege, including details of soldiers' extremely heavy labour[7]

"God fought for us" - Sermon crediting Providence for so many advantages of preparation, execution and luck leading to fall of Louisbourg[8]

Photo: Monument erected by Society of Colonial Wars to the memory of New England soldiers killed at Louisbourg during siege of 1745[9]

During siege, whaleboats were loaded with ladders and 500 soldiers and marines to take Louisbourg's Island Battery, but fog prevented attempt[10]

"After a Dance this Day, they fell upon him" - Report of torture killing of British soldier captured near Louisbourg[11]

"The Inhabitants were strangely surpris'd" - fire ship loaded with gunpowder used to damage King's Gate and other structures in Louisbourg[12]

"A great deal of ill usage" - Reports of local Indigenous people being abused by British authorities after siege (Note: "savages" used)[13]

Loss of Louisbourg eliminates France's benefit from rich North American fishery trade to Catholic Europe (Note: "savages" used)[14]

Nova Scotia Council president Mascarene assures Acadians that none who are of mixed European and Indigenous origin will be scalped[15]

Acadians supplying provisions to occupied Louisbourg threatened by its local Indigenous people, but those in Nova Scotia want peace[16]

Council advised from Chignecto that Jean-Louis Le Loutre has arrived there from Quebec "with presents for the Indians"[17]

Mascarene sternly cautions Acadians for seeking Le Loutre's permission to supply Annapolis, and then letting "11 or 12 Indians" stop them[18]

Uncooperative and hostile actions of Acadians (listed from 1710) make them, if not "utter Enemies," then "unprofitable Inhabitants"[19]

Quebec leaders report almost all Acadians desire "French Dominion" while amassing money as "a resource for an evil day"[20]

Joseph Robson investigates lower Nelson River for its usefulness to Hudson's Bay Company[21]

Joseph Robson's argument for building Hudson's Bay Company forts of stone, not wood[22]

Map of New France covers from Grand Banks to Pays d'en Haut to Baffin Bay[23]

English translation of Alain-René Lesage's fictionalized version of Canadian soldier/adventurer Beauchêne's exploits is published in London[24]

References

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  1. ^ Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. ^ "George I". Official web site of the British monarchy. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  3. ^ Considerations on the State of the British Fisheries in America (1745). Accessed 14 October 2021
  4. ^ Bradstreet account Louisbourg Journals, 1745 (1932), pgs. 171-8. Accessed 18 October 2021
  5. ^ "About the Middle of January 1744/5" Memoirs of the Principal Transactions of the Last War between the English and French in North America (1757), pgs. 35-40. Accessed 14 October 2021
  6. ^ James Gibson, "Saturday 15" and "Sunday 16 [June]," A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pgs. 34-5. (Surrender ceremony is held "with all the Decency and Decorum imaginable," but on arrival in France, British are imprisoned and mistreated) Accessed 14 October 2021
  7. ^ A Letter from William Shirley, Esq.(...)to his Grace the Duke of Newcastle(....) (1746), pgs. 8 and 23-4. (See soldiers' "Hardships and Dangers" linked to Bible verses in thanksgiving sermon) Accessed 14 October 2021
  8. ^ Charles Chauncy, "I scarce know of a Conquest" Marvellous Things Done by the Right Hand and Holy Arm of God[....] (1745), pgs. 12-19. Accessed 14 October 2021
  9. ^ Postcard (20th century), Centre des études acadiennes; McCord Museum. Accessed 18 October 2021
  10. ^ James Gibson, "Thursday 23 [May]," A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pg. 20. (Four days later, assault on Island Battery fails) Accessed 14 October 2021
  11. ^ James Gibson, "Sunday 26 [May]," A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pgs. 22-3. Accessed 14 October 2021
  12. ^ James Gibson, "Dedication" (July 3, 1745), A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pgs. vi-vii Accessed 13 October 2021
  13. ^ "In the month of July, 1745" An Account of the Customs and Manners of the Micmakis and Maricheets[....] (1758), pgs. 64-6. Accessed 14 October 2021
  14. ^ "A Computation of the French Fishery(...) An Accurate Journal and Account of the Proceedings of the New-England Land-Forces During the Late Expedition Against the French Settlements on Cape Breton[....] (1746), pgs. 27-40. Accessed 15 October 2021
  15. ^ Counsel meeting (January 4, 1745), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 54-6. Accessed 15 October 2021
  16. ^ Council meeting (August 20, 1745), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 76-7. (See peace proposals) Accessed 18 October 2021
  17. ^ Counsel meeting (October 28, 1745), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pg. 79. (See minutes of next meeting (same page) for details) Accessed 18 October 2021
  18. ^ "Govr. Mascarene to Deputies of Mines" (October 28, 1745), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 160-1. Accessed 18 October 2021
  19. ^ "Representation of the State of His Majesties Province of Nova Scotia" (November 8, 1745), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 80-4. Accessed 18 October 2021
  20. ^ "From a letter of Messrs. DeBeauharnois and Hocquart to Count DeMaurepas" (September 12, 1745), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 157-8. Accessed 18 October 2021
  21. ^ Joseph Robson, "In this interval of leisure" An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay (1759), pgs. 24-6. (See details in "The Soundings of Nelson-River") Accessed 19 October 2021
  22. ^ Joseph Robson, "In the year 1745 I wrote a letter to the Company" An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay (1759), pgs. 32-4. Accessed 19 October 2021
  23. ^ Guillaume de L'Isle, "Carte du Canada ou de la Nouvelle France et des Découvertes qui y ont été faites Dressée sur plusieurs Observations et sur un grand nombre de Relations imprimées ou manuscrites, 1745" McCord Museum. Accessed 18 October 2021
  24. ^ The Adventures of Robert Chevalier, Call'd De Beauchene; Captain of a Privateer in New-France (1745). Accessed 4 October 2021