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Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics

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Great Britain at the
1980 Summer Olympics
Flag of the Olympic Movement
IOC codeGBR
NOCBritish Olympic Association
in Moscow
Competitors219 (149 men and 70 women) in 14 sports
Flag bearer Richard Palmer (official)
Medals
Ranked 9th
Gold
5
Silver
7
Bronze
9
Total
21
Summer Olympics appearances (overview)
Other related appearances
1906 Intercalated Games

Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. British athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 219 competitors, 149 men and 70 women, took part in 145 events in 14 sports.[1]

In partial support of the American-led boycott, the UK government allowed its athletes to choose whether to compete. There was a boycott of the opening ceremony with Britain being represented solely by the General Secretary of the British Olympic Association, Dick Palmer, carrying the Olympic flag, and no athletes being present. Furthermore, the Olympic flag was raised for the British medal winners in place of the Union Flag, and the Olympic anthem was played instead of God Save the Queen for the five gold medalists.[2][3]

Medallists

[edit]
Medals by discipline
Discipline Total
Athletics 4 2 4 10
Swimming 1 3 1 5
Rowing 0 1 2 3
Judo 0 1 1 2
Boxing 0 0 1 1
Total 5 7 9 21

Gold

[edit]

Silver

[edit]

Bronze

[edit]

Archery

[edit]

In the third appearance by Great Britain in modern Olympic archery, two men and two women represented the country. Mark Blenkarne missed winning a medal in the men's competition by only three points, by far the most successful result for Great Britain since archery was returned to the Olympic schedule.

Women's Individual Competition:

Men's Individual Competition:

Athletics

[edit]
Key
  • Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
  • Q = Qualified for the next round
  • q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
  • NR = National record
  • N/A = Round not applicable for the event
  • Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
Men
Track & road events
Athlete Event Heat Quarterfinal Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Drew McMaster 100 m 10.43 3 Q 10.42 6 Did not advance
Cameron Sharp 10.38 2 Q 10.38 4 Q 10.60 7 Did not advance
Alan Wells 10.35 1 Q 10.11 1 Q 10.27 1 Q 10.25 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Mike McFarlane 200 m 21.43 4 q 20.33 6 Did not advance
Cameron Sharp 20.51 1 Q 21.16 4 Q 21.24 8 Did not advance
Alan Wells 21.57 2 Q 20.59 1 Q 20.75 4 Q 20.21 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Alan Bell 400 m 47.48 4 Q 46.17 4 Q 48.50 8 Did not advance
Glen Cohen 48.35 4 Q 47.35 7 Did not advance
David Jenkins 46.67 1 Q 45.99 1 Q 45.59 3 Q 45.56 7
Sebastian Coe 800 m 1:48.5 1 Q 1:46.7 1 Q 1:45.9 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Steve Ovett 1:49.4 1 Q 1:46.6 1 Q 1:45.4 1st place, gold medalist(s)
David Warren 1:49.9 2 Q 1:47.2 2 Q 1:49.3 8
Sebastian Coe 1500 m 3:40.1 2 Q 3:39.4 1 Q 3:38.4 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Steve Cram 3:44.1 4 Q 3:43.6 4 Q 3:42.0 8
Steve Ovett 3:36.8 1 Q 3:43.1 1 Q 3:39.0 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
David Moorcroft 5000 m 13:43.0 5 Q 13:52.8 9 Did not advance
Nick Rose 13:44.7 3 Q 13:40.6 5 Did not advance
Barry Smith 13:46.3 7 q 13:36.7 9 Did not advance
Brendan Foster 10000 m 26:55.15 5 Q 28:22.54 11
Mike McLeod 28:57.27 2 Q 28:40.78 12
Geoff Smith 30:00.1 7 Did not advance
Wilbert Greaves 110 m hurdles 13.85 4 Q 13.98 6 Did not advance
Mark Holtom 13.83 3 Q 13.94 5 Did not advance
Gary Oakes 400 m hurdles 50.39 3 Q 50.07 3 Q 49.11 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Roger Hackney 3000 m steeplechase 8:36.34 5 Q 8:29.18 7 Did not advance
Colin Reitz 8:35.21 4 Q 8:29.75 8 Did not advance
Tony Staynings 8:47.42 8 q 8:52.30 11 Did not advance
Mike McFarlane
Alan Wells
Cameron Sharp
Drew McMaster
4 × 100 m relay 39.20 3 Q 38.62 4
Alan Bell
Terry Whitehead
Rod Milne
Glen Cohen
4 × 400 m relay 3:05.9 2 Q DNF
Dave Black Marathon DNF
Bernie Ford DNF
Ian Thompson DNF
Roger Mills 20 km walk 1:32:37.8 10
Ian Richards 50 km walk 4:22:57 11
Field events
Athlete Event Qualification Final
Distance Position Distance Position
Mark Naylor High jump 2.21 1 Q 2.21 9
Brian Hooper Pole vault 5.35 10 q 5.35 11
Keith Connor Triple jump 16.57 6 Q 16.87 4
Geoff Capes Shot put 19.75 8 Q 20.50 5
Chris Black Hammer throw 66.74 14 Did not advance
Paul Dickenson 64.22 15 Did not advance
David Ottley Javelin throw 77.20 14 Did not advance
Combined events – Decathlon
Athlete Event 100 m LJ SP HJ 400 m 110H DT PV JT 1500 m Final Rank
Bradley McStravick Result 10.97 6.74 13.53 1.91 48.80 15.23 39.46 4.30 57.98 4:31.0 7616 15
Daley Thompson Result 10.62 8.00 15.18 2.08 48.01 14.47 42.24 4.70 64.16 4:39.9 8495 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Women
Track & road events
Athlete Event Heat Quarterfinal Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Heather Hunte 100 m 11.40 3 Q 11.25 3 Q 11.36 4 Q 11.34 8
Sonia Lannaman 11.58 3 Q 11.20 2 Q 11.38 5 Did not advance
Kathy Smallwood 11.37 2 Q 11.24 2 Q 11.30 3 Q 11.28 6
Beverley Goddard 200 m 22.97 3 Q 22.73 4 Q 22.72 6
Sonia Lannaman 22.84 3 Q 22.82 4 Q 22.80 8
Kathy Smallwood 22.95 1 Q 22.65 3 Q 22.61 5
Joslyn Hoyte-Smith 400 m 52.24 1 Q 51.47 6 Did not advance
Linsey MacDonald 52.57 2 Q 51.60 4 Q 52.40 8
Michelle Probert 52.16 3 Q 51.89 5 Did not advance
Christina Boxer 800 m 2:02.1 4 Q 2:00.9 8 Did not advance
Janet Marlow 1500 m 4:15.9 9 Did not advance
Lorna Boothe 100 m hurdles 13.86 6 Did not advance
Shirley Strong 13.39 4 Q 13.12 5 Did not advance
Heather Hunte
Kathy Smallwood
Beverley Goddard
Sonia Lannaman
4 × 100 m relay 42.43 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Donna Hartley
Joslyn Hoyte-Smith
Linsey MacDonald
Michelle Probert
4 × 400 m relay 3:29.0 3 3:27.5 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Field events
Athlete Event Qualification Final
Distance Position Distance Position
Louise Miller High jump 1.88 5 Q 1.85 11
Susan Hearnshaw Long jump 6.66 2 Q 6.50 9
Sue Reeve 6.48 6 Q 6.46 10
Angela Littlewood Shot put 17.53 13 Did not advance
Meg Ritchie Discus throw 58.66 10 Q 61.16 9
Tessa Sanderson Javelin throw 48.76 9 Did not advance
Fatima Whitbread 49.74 10 Did not advance
Combined events – Pentathlon
Athlete Event 100H SP HJ LJ 800 m Final Rank
Judy Livermore Result 13.57 13.56 1.77 5.71 2:25.3 4304 13
Sue Longden Result 14.10 11.47 1.74 6.09 2:19.6 4234 15
Yvette Wray Result 13.78 12.01 1.65 5.60 2:39.7 4159 16

Boxing

[edit]
Athlete Event Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Keith Wallace Flyweight Bye  Radu (ROU)
L 1-4
Did not advance
Ray Gilbody Bantamweight  Almeida (ANG)
W 5-0
 Zaragoza (MEX)
L 1-4
Did not advance
Peter Hanlon Featherweight  Esparragoza (VEN)
W 4-1
 Rybakov (URS)
L 0-5
Did not advance
George Gilbody Lightweight Bye  Siukoko (ZAM)
L 1-4
Did not advance
Tony Willis Light welterweight  Sodré (BRA)
W 5-0
 Odhiambo (SWE)
W 5-0
 Lyimo (TAN)
W KO
 Oliva (ITA)
L 0-5
Did not advance 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Joseph Frost Welterweight  Dao (LAO)
L KO
Did not advance
Nick Wilshire Light middleweight Bye  Perunović (YUG)
W 3-2
 Koshkin (URS)
L KO
Did not advance
Mark Kaylor Middleweight Bye  Fonseca  (BRA)
W 4-1
 Silaghi (ROU)
L 2-3
Did not advance
Andy Straughn Light heavyweight  Kvachadze (URS)
L RSC
Did not advance

Canoeing

[edit]
Men
Athlete Event Heat Repechage Semifinals Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
William Reichenstein C-1 500 metres 2:09.37 5 QS 2:09.86 5 Did not advance
William Reichenstein C-1 1000 metres 4:28.18 6 QS 4:29.72 5 Did not advance
Grayson Bourne K-1 500 metres 1:51.80 5 R 1:47.39 1 Q 1:48.34 4 Did not advance
Douglas Parnham K-1 1000 metres 3:54.58 6 R 4:06.96 6 Did not advance
Christopher Ballard
Neil Robson
K-2 500 metres 1:40.33 7 R 1:39.95 3 Q 1:41.37 5 Did not advance
Christopher Ballard
Neil Robson
K-2 1000 metres 3:28.95 3 QS 3:40.31 4 Did not advance
Stephen Brown
Douglas Parnham
Alan Williams
Steven Hancock
K-4 1000 metres 3:10.18 7 QS 3:13.41 4 Did not advance
Women
Athlete Event Heat Repechage Semifinals Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Lucy Perrett K-1 500 metres 2:03.09 5 QS 2:03.73 2 Q 2:04.89 8
Frances Wetherall
Lesley Smither
K-2 500 metres 1:53.25 5 QS 1:53.12 3 Q 1:52.76 8

Cycling

[edit]
Road
Athlete Event Time Rank
John Herety Individual road race 4:57.38 21
Neil Martin 5:09:05 49
Joseph Waugh DNF
Jeff Williams 5:09:05 47
Robert Downs
Des Fretwell
Steve Jones
Joseph Waugh
Team time trial 2:07:30.6 9
Track
Athlete Event Time Rank
Terrence Tinsley Track time trial 1:07.542 9
Athlete Event Round 1 Repechage Round 2 Repechage 1/8 Final Repechage Quarter Final Semifinal Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Terrence Tinsley Sprint  Cahard (FRA)
R
 Musa (ZIM)
11.62 Q
 Dazzan (ITA)
R
 Joseph (GUY)
DNF
Did not advance N/A
Athlete Event Qualifying Quarter Final Semifinal Final
Time Rank Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Sean Yates Individual pursuit 4:44.69 7  Ørsted (DEN)
4:41.39 R
Did not advance N/A
Tony Doyle
Malcolm Elliott
Glen Mitchell
Sean Yates
Team pursuit 4:19.73 5 Q  Czechoslovakia
4:23.45 R
Did not advance N/A

Diving

[edit]
Athlete Event Qualifying Final
Points Rank Points Rank
Christopher Snode Men's 3 metre springboard 557.10 5 Q 844.470 6
Martyn Brown Men's 10 metre platform 380.91 19 Did not advance
Christopher Snode 468.21 9 Did not advance
Alison Drake Women's 3 metre springboard 368.01 20 Did not advance
Deborah Jay 362.73 22 Did not advance
Lindsey Fraser Women's 10 metre platform 277.08 15 Did not advance
Marion Saunders 290.82 14 Did not advance

Fencing

[edit]

Eleven fencers, six men and five women, represented Great Britain in 1980.

Athlete Event Round 1 Round 2 Elimination Final
Won Lost Rank Won Lost Rank Won Lost Rank Won Lost Rank
John Llewellyn Men's épée 3 2 3 Q 0 5 6 Did not advance
Neal Mallett 1 3 5 Did not advance
Steven Paul 2 2 3 Q 3 2 4 Q 0 2 Did not advance
Rob Bruniges
John Llewellyn
Neal Mallett
Steven Paul
Men's team épée 0 1 2 Q 1 2 5
Rob Bruniges Men's foil 3 1 1 Q 2 3 5 Did not advance
Pierre Harper 1 2 3 Q 2 3 4 Q 0 2 Did not advance
Rob Bruniges
Pierre Harper
John Llewellyn
Steven Paul
Men's team foil 0 2 3 Did not advance
Mark Slade Men's sabre 2 2 4 Q 0 5 6 Did not advance
Ann Brannon Women's foil 1 3 4 Q 2 3 5 Did not advance
Linda Ann Martin 1 4 6 Did not advance
Susan Wrigglesworth 1 4 6 Did not advance
Wendy Ager-Grant
Ann Brannon
Hilary Cawthorne
Linda Ann Martin
Susan Wrigglesworth
Women's team foil 1 1 3 Did not advance

Gymnastics

[edit]

Judo

[edit]
Athlete Event Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
John Holliday Extra Lightweight  Francini (SMR)
W
 Spyrou (CYP)
W
 Rodríguez (CUB)
L
Repechage
 El-Najjar (SYR)
W
Bronze Medal
 Kincses (HUN)
L
Raymond Neenan Half Lightweight  Očko (YUG)
W
 Rabary (MAD)
W
 Reissmann (GDR)
L
Did not advance
Neil Adams Lightweight  Picken (AUS)
W
 Nkandem (CMR)
W
 Alkśnin (POL)
W
 Lehmann (GDR)
W
 Gamba (ITA)
L
2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Christopher Bowles Half Middleweight  Simo (CMR)
W
 Tchoullouyan (FRA)
L
Did not advance
Peter Donnelly Middleweight  Azcuy (CUB)
L
Repechage Q/F
 Muhakatesho (ZAM)
W
Repechage S/F
 Ultsch (GDR)
L
Did not advance
Mark Chittenden Half-Heavyweight  Nikodým (TCH)
W
 de Wet (ZIM)
W
 Numan (NED)
L
Did not advance
Paul Radburn Heavyweight Bye  Cioc (ROM)
W
 Zinneker (SUI)
W
 Parisi (FRA)
L
Bronze Medal
 Kocman (TCH)
L
Arthur Mapp Open category  Adelaar (NED)
W
 de Wet (ZIM)
W
 Zapryanov (BUL)
W
 Lorenz (GDR)
L
 Tsend–Ayuush (MGL)
W
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)

Modern pentathlon

[edit]
Athlete Event Rid Fen Sho Swi Run Total Rank
Nigel Clark Individual 986 714 824 1141 1141 4809 33
Danny Nightingale 950 766 1000 1212 1240 5168 15
Peter Whiteside 1010 766 1000 1228 1081 5085 21
Nigel Clark
Danny Nightingale
Peter Whiteside
Team See above 15062 8

Rowing

[edit]
Men
Athlete Event Round 1 Repechage Semifinal Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Hugh Matheson Men's single sculls 7:53.22 1 Q 7:21.05 3 QA 7:20.28 6
Chris Baillieu
Jim Clark
Men's double sculls 6:59.67 1 Q 6:31.13 4
Malcolm Carmichael
Charles Wiggin
Men's coxless pair 7:30.57 2 Q 6:51.47 2 QA 6:51.47 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Neil Christie
James MacLeod
David Webb (cox)
Men's coxed pair 7:42.39 4 R 7:29.97 3 QB 7:23.18 9
John Beattie
Martin Cross
Ian McNuff
David Townsend
Men's coxless four 6:42.73 4 R 6:12.71 1 QA 6:16.58 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Gordon Rankine
John Roberts
Lenny Robertson
Colin Seymour
Alan Inns (cox)
Men's coxed four 6:52.57 2 R 6:33.25 3 QB 6:27.11 7
Henry Clay
Andrew Justice
Chris Mahoney
Duncan McDougall
Malcolm McGowan
John Pritchard
Richard Stanhope
Allan Whitwell
Colin Moynihan
(cox)
Men's eight 5:53.38 2 R 5:49.35 2 QA 5:51.92 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Women
Athlete Event Round 1 Repechage Semifinal Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Beryl Mitchell Women's single sculls 4:05.72 1 Q 3:45.88 2 QA 3:49.71 5
Astrid Ayling
Sue Handscomb
Women's double sculls 3:39.27 2 R 3:33.32 5 Did not advance
Bridget Buckley
Jane Cross
Pauline Hart
Pauline Janson
Sue Brown (cox)
Women's coxed four 3:48.13 3 R 3:35.85 4 Did not advance
Nicola Boyes
Lin Clark
Rosie Clugston
Gillian Hodges
Beverly Jones
Elizabeth Paton
Penny Sweet
Joanna Toch
Pauline Wright (cox)
Women's eight 3:18.18 2 R 3:15.77 3 Q 3:13.85 5

Swimming

[edit]
Men's Competition
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Martin Smith 100 metre freestyle 51.88 2 Q 52.41 7 Did not advance
Mark Taylor 52.65 3 Did not advance
Martin Smith 200 metre freestyle 1:54.17 4 Did not advance
Kevin Lee 1:55.63 5 Did not advance
Andrew Astbury 400 metre freestyle 4:00.30 4 Did not advance
Simon Gray 3:57.60 4 Did not advance
Simon Gray 1500 metre freestyle 15:43.17 3 Did not advance
Gary Abraham 100 metre backstroke 58.79 2 Q 57.90 3 Q 58.38 8
Douglas Campbell 58.75 4 Q 58.61 6 Did not advance
Paul Marshall 58.35 2 Q 58.82 8 Did not advance
Douglas Campbell 200 metre backstroke 2:04.78 2 Q 2:04.23 7
Jim Carter 2:09.94 5 Did not advance
Leigh Atkinson 100 metre breaststroke 1:06.43 4 Did not advance
Duncan Goodhew 1:03.48 1 Q 1:03.34 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Duncan Goodhew 200 metre breaststroke 2:21.25 2 Q 2:20.92 6
Gary Abraham 100 metre butterfly 56.10 2 Q 55.53 3 Q 55.42 6
Phil Hubble 56.30 3 Q 56.51 6 Did not advance
David Lowe 56.22 3 Q 55.81 5 Did not advance
Phil Hubble 200 metre butterfly 2:00.75 2 Q 2:01.20 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Peter Morris 2:02.72 1 Q 2:02.27 4
Steve Poulter 2:02.18 3 Q 2:02.93 8
Simon Gray 400 metre individual medley 4:29.43 3 Did not advance
Steve Poulter 4:35.21 4 Did not advance
Andrew Astbury
Douglas Campbell
Phil Hubble
Martin Smith
Mark Taylor
Kevin Lee
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay 7:37.36 4 Q 7:30.81 6
Gary Abraham
Duncan Goodhew
David Lowe
Martin Smith
Mark Taylor
Paul Marshall
4 × 100 metre medley relay 3:51.66 1 Q 3:47.71 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)


Women's Competition
Athlete Event Heat Final
Time Rank Time Rank
June Croft 100 metre freestyle 57.88 2 Did not advance
Jackie Willmott 58.78 3 Did not advance
June Croft 200 metre freestyle 2:03.95 2 Q 2:03.15 6
Jackie Willmott 2:08.04 5 Did not advance
Sharron Davies 400 metre freestyle 4:19.99 4 Did not advance
Jackie Willmott 4:22.32 5 Did not advance
Jackie Willmott 800 metre freestyle 8:50.51 5 Did not advance
Joy Beasley 100 metre backstroke 1:06.84 5 Did not advance
Helen Jameson 1:05.56 6 Did not advance
Jane Admans 200 metre backstroke 2:19.20 5 Did not advance
Helen Jameson 2:17.84 4 Did not advance
Suki Brownsdon 100 metre breaststroke 1:12.83 3 Q 1:12.11 6
Margaret Kelly 1:12.38 3 Q 1:11.48 4
Margaret Kelly 200 metre breaststroke 2:37.67 3 Did not advance
Debbie Rudd 2:36.32 3 Did not advance
Susan Cooper 100 metre butterfly 1:02.95 2 Did not advance
Ann Osgerby 1:01.93 2 Q 1:02.21 4
Janet Osgerby 1:02.84 3 Q 1:02.90 8
Ann Osgerby 200 metre butterfly 2:15.17 3 Q 2:14.83 6
Janet Osgerby 2:18.01 5 Did not advance
Sharron Davies 400 metre individual medley 4:52.38 1 Q 4:46.83 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Sarah Kerswell 5:03.75 3 Did not advance
June Croft
Sharron Davies
Kaye Lovatt
Jackie Willmott
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay 3:53.08 3 Q 3:51.71 4
June Croft
Helen Jameson
Margaret Kelly
Ann Osgerby
4 × 100 metre medley relay 4:16.29 1 Q 4:12.24 2nd place, silver medalist(s)

Weightlifting

[edit]
Athlete Event Snatch Clean & Jerk Total Rank
Jeffrey Bryce Men's 60 kg NM
Geoff Laws 110 135 245 12
Leo Isaac Men's 67.5 kg 117.5 157.5 275 14
Alan Winterbourne 117.5 150 267.5 18
Newton Burrowes Men's 75 kg 130 172.5 302.5 8
Kevin Kennedy 130 160 290 11
Stephen Pinsent Men's 82.5 kg 135 170 305 13
Gary Langford Men's 90 kg 150 180 330 9
John Burns Men's 100 kg 157.5 180 337.5 11
Andy Drzewiecki Men's 110 kg 140 180 320 10

Wrestling

[edit]
Athlete Event Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Mark Dunbar Men's freestyle 52 kg  Selimov (BUL)
L
 Jang D-R (PRK)
L
Did not advance
Amrik Singh Gill Men's freestyle 57 kg  Kończak (POL)
L
 Li H-P (PRK)
L
Did not advance
Brian Aspen Men's freestyle 62 kg  Hatziioannidis (GRE)
L
Bye  Şuteu (ROU)
L
Did not advance
Fitzloyd Walker Men's freestyle 74 kg  Fehér (HUN)
L
 Pinigin (URS)
L
Did not advance
Keith Peache Men's freestyle 90 kg  Gómez (CUB)
L
 Ivanov (ROU)
L
Did not advance
Matthew Clempner Men's freestyle +100 kg  Zambrano (PER)
L
 Sandurski (POL)
L
Did not advance

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Games". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  2. ^ Team GB: Moscow 1980
  3. ^ Moscow 40 Years On: Remembering the Olympics that Nearly Never Were