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Hemoglobinuria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hemoglobinuria
Other namesHaemoglobinuria
Structure of hemoglobin
SpecialtyUrology, nephrology
SymptomsDisease, Hemolytic anemia, Proteinuria
CausesAcute glomerulonephritis; Burns; Renal cancer; Malaria; Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; Microangiopathies, e.g. hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) leading to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia; Transfusion reactions; IgM autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; Pyelonephritis; Sickle cell anemia; Tuberculosis of the urinary tract; March hemoglobinuria secondary to repetitive impacts on the body, usually the feet; Athletic nephritis secondary to strenuous exercise; Acute lead poisoning

Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine.[1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma.[2] Excess hemoglobin is filtered by the kidneys, which excrete it into the urine, giving urine a purple color. Hemoglobinuria can lead to acute tubular necrosis which is an uncommon cause of a death of uni-traumatic patients recovering in the ICU.

Diagnosis

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The diagnosis is often made based on the medical history, blood samples, and a urine sample. The absence of urine RBCs and RBC casts microscopically despite a positive dipstick test suggests hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria. The medical term for RBCs in the urine is hematuria.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Deters, A.; Kulozik, A. E. (2003). "Hemoglobinuria". Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 7 (2–3): 20–21. doi:10.1159/000069582. ISBN 3-8055-7432-0. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  2. ^ Harper, James L (30 September 2020). "What causes hemoglobinuria?". www.medscape.com. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
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