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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati

Coordinates: 39°06′18″N 84°30′44″W / 39.10500°N 84.51222°W / 39.10500; -84.51222
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Archdiocese of Cincinnati

Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Peter in Chains
Coat of arms
Flag
Location
Country United States
TerritoryOhio, including the cities of Cincinnati, Dayton, Springfield, and Hamilton
Ecclesiastical provinceCincinnati
Statistics
Area8,543 sq mi (22,130 km2)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2013)
3,074,000
471,457 (15.3%)
Parishes214[1]
Schools115[2]
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
EstablishedJune 19, 1821 (203 years ago)
CathedralCathedral Basilica of Saint Peter in Chains
Patron saintFrancis de Sales
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopDennis Marion Schnurr
Bishops emeritusJoseph R. Binzer
Map
Website
catholiccincinnati.org

The Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church that covers many dioceses throughout the State of Ohio in the United States.

As of 2023, the archbishop of Cincinnati is Dennis Schnurr. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati.

Geography

[edit]
Province of Cincinnati

The Archdiocese of Cincinnati encompasses 230 parishes in 19 counties. Cincinnati is the metropolis of the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati, which contains all of Ohio.[3] The province contains the archdiocese and its five suffragan dioceses:

The archdiocese is bordered by:

History

[edit]

1700 to 1800

[edit]

During the 17th century, present day Ohio was part of the French colony of New France. The Diocese of Quebec had jurisdiction over the region. However, unlike other parts of the future American Midwest, French missionaries made no attempts to found Catholic missions in Ohio.

In 1763, Ohio Country became part of the British Province of Quebec, forbidden from settlement by American colonists. After the American Revolution ended in 1783, Pope Pius VI erected in 1784 the Prefecture Apostolic of the United States, encompassing the entire territory of the new nation. In 1787, the Ohio area became part of the Northwest Territory of the United States. Pius VI created the Diocese of Baltimore, the first diocese in the United States, to replace the prefecture apostolic in 1789.[4][5]

1800 to 1847

[edit]

In 1808, Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Bardstown in Kentucky, with jurisdiction over the new state of Ohio along with the other midwest states.[6]

Cincinnati's first Catholic church, Christ Church, was organized in 1819, just beyond the city boundaries.[7] The first Catholic church in Dayton, Emmanuel Church, opened in 1837.[8] Soon additional parishes were formed in Hamilton and St. Martin, Brown County. Reverend Emmanuel Thienpont pioneered many parishes in the archdiocese.[9] Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Cincinnati on June 19, 1821, taking all of Ohio from the Diocese of Bardstown.[10] The pope named the missionary Reverend Edward Fenwick as the first bishop of Cincinnati.[11] Fenwick travelled to Europe in 1823 to raise funding for the new diocese. He returned in 1826 with resources to begin construction of the cathedral and parochial schools He also founded convents for the Sisters of Charity and the first community of Dominican women in the United States, the Dominicans of St. Catharine.[12]

In 1829, Fenwick established St. Francis Xavier Seminary in Cincinnati. It is the oldest seminary west of the Appalachian Mountains in the United States.[13] In 1831, Fenwick initiated publication of The Catholic Telegraph newspaper.[14] That same year, he opened the Athenaeum in Cincinnati to educate lay workers.[15]

After Fenwick died in 1832, Pope Gregory XVI named Reverend John Purcell as the second bishop of Cincinnati. At the time of his installation, the diocese had only one Catholic church to serve thousands of new Catholic German and Irish Immigrants. Purcell founded Holy Trinity Parish in Cincinnati in 1834, the first German language church in the diocese.[16][17] It was followed in 1842 by the dedication of St. Mary's Church, the oldest existing parish in Cincinnati.[17]

Purcell began construction of Saint Peter in Chains Cathedral, which was consecrated in 1846.[18] Seeking a larger seminary to replace St. Francis Xavier, Purcell in 1851 constructed Mount St. Mary's of the West Seminary on Price Hill in Cincinnati. To staff the new seminary and school, Purcell invited the Jesuit Fathers into the diocese.[19] He also established two orphan asylums: St. Aloysius's for German-speaking children and St. Peter's for English-speaking children.

1847 to 1900

[edit]

In 1847, Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Cleveland, taking northeastern Ohio from the Diocese of Cincinnati[10] However, the border line set by the Vatican line cut through multiple counties. To simplify administration of these counties, Purcell and Bishop Louis Rappe of Cleveland, decided that:

...the counties of Mercer, Auglaze, Hardin, Marion, Morrow, Knox, Tuscarawas, Carroll, Jefferson, which belong to the diocese of Cincinnati shall constitute the northern boundary of the diocese of Cincinnati. And that all the counties north of those just named, shall compose the diocese of Cleveland. Holmes county, which is for the greater part south of the line above traced, is by mutual consent, assigned to the diocese of Cleveland.[20]

In 1850, Pope Pius IX elevated the Diocese of Cincinnati to an archdiocese with the dioceses of Louisville, Detroit, and Cleveland as its suffragans.[10] Purcell became the first archbishop of Cincinnati.

In 1853, Purcell alienated some of Cincinnati's Protestants by arguing that Catholics should not be taxed to support public schools.[21] Later that year, he created controversy when he invited Cardinal Gaetano Bedini, the emissary of Pope Pius IX, to visit Cincinnati. Many German Protestant "Forty-Eighters", who had fled Europe after the failed revolutions of 1848, saw Bedini as a symbol of oppression due to his role in putting down a revolution in the Papal States in 1849. They organized a protest march to Purcell's residence, where Bedini was staying, on Christmas Day 1853. When the demonstrators clashed with police, several were injured and one died.[22]

The Vatican in 1868 erected the Diocese of Columbus from the archdiocese, taking "the territory from the Ohio River to the Scioto River ... together with the Counties of Franklin, Delaware and Morrow."[10] The end of Purcell's long tenue as bishop and archbishop was marked by scandal. Many parishioners in the archdiocese, distrustful of banks after the Panic of 1873, had begun depositing funds with the archdiocese for safekeeping. These funds ultimately amounted to $3.6 million. However, the archdiocese fund was hit with a bank run in 1877, rendering it insolvent and unable to pay back all the depositors.[23]

In 1880, Bishop William Elder of the Diocese of Natchez was appointed coadjutor archbishop in Cincinnati by Pope Leo XIII to assist Purcell. After Purcell died in 1883, Elder automatically became archbishop.[24]

Elder became archbishop when the archdiocese was facing severe financial problems. Elder systematically organized the administration of the diocese. He reopened Mount Saint Mary Seminary in 1887, which had been closed since 1879.[25] He instituted the office of chancellor of the diocese and insisted on annual reports from clergy and parishes in order to bring the diocese out of great debt. In 1891, after 14 years of litigation, a court found that the archdiocese owed $140,000 to parishioners who had lost money during the 1877 bank run. Elder accepted the verdict in 1892 and assessed parishes to replay the debt in full.[23]

1900 to 1970

[edit]
St. Monica Church in Cincinnati served as the cathedral from 1938 to 1957.

Bishop Henry K. Moeller of Columbus was named coadjutor archbishop in Cincinnati by Pope Pius X in 1903. When Elder died in 1904, Moeller succeeded him as the fourth archbishop of Cincinnati.[26] During World War I, Moeller successfully petitioned Rome for an end to national parishes and permission to formulate parish boundaries. In 1921, Moeller condemned several forms of dancing (including the shimmy and camel walk) as well as bare female shoulders at social functions.[27] He died in 1925.

Bishop John T. McNicholas of the Diocese of Detroit was appointed the fourth archbishop of Cincinnati by Pope Pius XI in 1925.[28] During the 1928 presidential election, which featured the first Catholic to win a major party nomination in the person of Al Smith, McNicholas addressed concerns that Smith would take orders from church leaders in Rome in making decisions affecting the country by declaring, "We, as American Catholics, owe no civil allegiance to the Vatican State."[29] In 1945, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Columbus, taking the eastern counties from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati.[30]

After McNicholas died in 1950, Pope Pius XII named Bishop Karl Alter of Toledo as the next archbishop of Cincinnati.[31] During his administration, Alter established 98 churches, 94 elementary schools, 14 high schools, 79 rectories, and 55 convents.[32] He also instituted a priests' senate and an archdiocesan school board composed of lay members, and encouraged the formation of parish councils. Alter undertook a restoration of Saint Peter in Chains Cathedral.[32] He discontinued first grade in the parochial schools in 1964 because of high costs and overcrowded classrooms.[33] Alter retired in 1969.

1970 to present

[edit]
Archdiocesan Pastoral Center in Downtown Cincinnati

Bishop Paul Leibold of the Diocese of Evansville succeeded Alter as archbishop, being named by Pope Paul VI in 1969.[34] Leibold strengthened the priests' senate, the pastoral council, and the parish councils. He also launched the archdiocese's sixth synod, Synod '71.[35] In 1958, Sister Mary Ephrem Neuzil, an Ohio nun, claimed to have seen apparitions of Mary, mother of Jesus and messages from St. Joseph. Leibold, who had previously acted as a spiritual advisor to Neuzil, allowed her to publish two pamphlets about her experiences.[36] He also commissioned a wooden plaque with an image of Our Lady of America, a title of Mary, for display at the New Riegel convent.[37] In 1971, Leibold criticized composer Leonard Bernstein's theatrical work Mass, terming it as offensive.[38]

After Leibold died in 1972, Paul VI appointed Bishop Joseph Bernardin, general secretary of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, as the next archbishop of Cincinnati. During his tenure, Bernardin worked to improve relations between Catholics and Jews and strove for better understanding between the Catholic Church and Protestant denominations. He became archbishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago in 1982.

To replace Bernardin in Cincinnati, Pope John Paul II selected Auxiliary Bishop Daniel Pilarczyk of Cincinnati in 1982.[39] In 2008, Pope Benedict XVI named Bishop Dennis Schnurr of the Diocese of Duluth as coadjutor archbishop in Cincinnati to assist Pilarczyk. When he retired in 2009, Schnurr automatically replaced him.[40] In 2010, Schnurr revoked archdiocese permission for a "Violence Against Women" event at Seton High School in Cincinnati because one of the speakers supported abortion rights for women. The sponsors disinvited the speaker, but the archdiocese still denied its support for the event.[41]

In May 2020, Schnurr decided not to renew the contract of Jim Zimmerman, a teacher at Archbishop Alter High School in Kettering, because Zimmerman was part of a same-sex marriage. A teacher at the school for 23 years, Zimmerman had been open about his marriage with school officials, other faculty and students. According to Zimmerman, his principal told him that a community member had alerted Schnurr about the marriage. Zimmerman's supporters accused Schnurr of homophobia, which he strongly denied.[42][43][44]

In July 2021, Schnurr said that he disapproved of a town hall being held by President Joe Biden at Mount Saint Joseph University in Cincinnati, but admitted he had no power to block it. Schnurr did not explain his reasoning.[45] Schnurr said that he would have never approved this event on archdiocese property.[46]

In October 2021, Schnurr announced a plan for the restructuring of the archdiocese that could closed 70% of its churches.[47] Parishes were to be grouped into "parish families" overseen by a single pastor. In the long term, each parish family was expected to merge its parishes into a single parish. Reorganization plans were scheduled to be finalized in 2022.[48]

As of 2023, Schnurr is the current archbishop of Cincinnati.

Sexual abuse scandals

[edit]

Reverend Thomas Brunner was removed in 1985 from his post as chaplain at Mount Notre Dame High School in Cincinnati after admitting to accusations of sexual harassment from two female students. After counseling, he was assigned to a different parish. In 1989, a woman accused Brunner of sexually abusing her when she was in high school. Brunner passed a psychological evaluation and was kept in ministry. In September 2003, while his background was being reviewed by the child protection review board, Brunner abruptly resigned his pastoral post at St. Patrick Parish in Troy.

In 1991, Reverend George Cooley from Guardian Angels Church in Mount Washington, pleaded guilty to sexually molesting four boys during the 1980s. The parents of two of Cooley's victims complained to the archdiocese, but nothing happened. They finally reported Cooley to the police in 1990. Cooley served three months in jail, then 15 more months after violating his probation. He was laicized by the Vatican soon after his conviction.[49][50] In November 2003, following a sexual abuse scandal and two-year investigation by the Hamilton County prosecutor's office, Archbishop Pilarczyk entered a plea of nolo contendere regarding five misdemeanor charges of failure to report allegations of child molestation from the 1970s and 1980s.[51] The court fined archdiocese $10,000.[52][53]

The diocese in 2013 started receiving complaints about the conduct of Reverend Geoff Drew, then posted at Maximilian Kolbe Parish in Liberty Township. Witnesses reported seeing Drew give back rubs and make inappropriate remarks to teenage boys. Auxiliary Bishop Joseph R. Binzer received the complaints, but did not forward them to Bishop Schnurr or take any actions against Drew. Binzer received more complaints about Drew in 2015, but did nothing.[54]

When Drew transferred to St. Ignatius of Loyola Parish in Green Township in early 2018, Binzer did not tell the parish or its school about the previous accusations. In July 2018, Drew was accused of sending inappropriate text messages to a 17-year-old boy. It was at this junction that Schnurr allegedly became aware of Drew's background. In August 2019, Schnurr removed Binzer from his position as head of priest personnel.[54] In May 2020, the Vatican accepted Binzer's resignation as auxiliary bishop in Cincinnati.[55]

In August 2019, police arrested Drew and charged him with nine counts of sex abuse while serving as a music teacher at St. Ignatius School.[56][57][58] He pleaded guilty in December 2021 and was sentenced to seven years in prison.[59]

Religious orders and congregations

[edit]

Members of religious orders and congregations staff schools and parishes in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati and serve in a variety of social service roles. Sarah Peter, a prominent Catholic convert and philanthropist, helped finance the relocation of many religious sisters from Europe to Cincinnati during the 19th century.[60]

These are the women's religious orders:

These are the men's congregations and religious orders:

Churches

[edit]
Main article: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati

Bishops

[edit]

Bishops of Cincinnati

[edit]
  1. Edward Fenwick (1822–1832)
  2. John Baptist Purcell (1833–1850), elevated to Archbishop

Archbishops of Cincinnati

[edit]
  1. John Baptist Purcell (1850–1883)
  2. William Henry Elder (1883–1903; coadjutor archbishop 1880–1883)
  3. Henry K. Moeller (1903–1925; coadjutor archbishop 1903)
    - Joseph Chartrand (Appointed 1925, did not take effect)
  4. John Timothy McNicholas (1925–1950)
  5. Karl Joseph Alter (1950–1969)
  6. Paul Francis Leibold (1969–1972)
  7. Joseph Bernardin (1972–1982), appointed Archbishop of Chicago (Cardinal in 1983)
  8. Daniel Edward Pilarczyk (1982–2009)
  9. Dennis Marion Schnurr (2009–present; coadjutor archbishop 2008–2009)

Former auxiliary bishops

[edit]

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

[edit]

Education

[edit]

The archdiocese administers 110 associated parochial schools and diocesan elementary schools.[61][62] As of 2021, over 73,000 students were enrolled in the archdiocese's 115 schools, making it the sixth largest Catholic school system in the United States.[2][63][64] In Hamilton County, where most private schools were run by the archdiocese, nearly a quarter of students (36,684 as of 2007) attended private schools, a rate only second to St. Louis County in Missouri.[65]

The 23 Catholic high schools in the region operated under varying degrees of archdiocesan control. Several were owned and operated by the archdiocese, while other interparochial schools were run by groups of parishes under archdiocesan supervision. Most of the interparochial and non-archdiocesan high schools were operated by religious institutes.[66]

Most of the schools' athletic teams belonged to the Greater Catholic League, which consisted of a co-ed division, the Girls Greater Cincinnati League, and a division for all-male schools.[67]

The archdiocese also included 92 parochial and diocesan elementary schools, with a combined enrollment of 30,312, as of 2011 (ACE Consulting 2011, p. 91). These schools were in the urban and suburban areas of Cincinnati and Dayton, as well as some of the smaller towns within the archdiocesan boundaries. Each parochial school is owned and operated by its parish, rather than by the archdiocese's Catholic Schools Office.

In March 2011, the archdiocese announced its intention of eventually unifying the schools under one school system.[68] As of 2015, the interim superintendent of Catholic Schools was Susie Gibbons.[69]

The archdiocese sponsors the Athenaeum of Ohio – Mount St. Mary's Seminary of the West seminary in Cincinnati.

High schools in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati
Name Founded Sex Location Ownership
Archbishop Alter 1962 Co-ed Kettering Archdiocesan[70]
Badin 1966 Co-ed Hamilton Interparochial[71]
Carroll 1961 Co-ed Dayton Archdiocesan[72]
Catholic Central 1929 Co-ed Springfield Archdiocesan[73]
Chaminade Julienne 1973 Co-ed Dayton Marianists,
Srs. of Notre Dame[74]
DePaul Cristo Rey 2011 Co-ed Cincinnati Srs. of Charity[75]
Elder 1922 Male Cincinnati Interparochial[76]
Bishop Fenwick 1952 Co-ed Middletown Archdiocesan
La Salle 1961 Male Cincinnati Archdiocesan[77]
Lehman Catholic 1970 Co-ed Sidney Archdiocesan[78]
Archbishop McNicholas 1951 Co-ed Cincinnati Interparochial[79]
Mercy McAuley 1915 Female Cincinnati Interparochial[80]
Moeller 1958 Male Cincinnati Marianist
Mount Notre Dame 1860 Female Cincinnati Interparochial[81]
Purcell Marian 1980 Co-ed Cincinnati Archdiocesan[77]
Roger Bacon 1928 Co-ed St. Bernard Interparochial[77]
Royalmont Academy[82] 1996 Co-ed Mason Independent
Seton 1854 Female Cincinnati Parochial
St. Rita School for the Deaf 1915 Co-ed Cincinnati Independent[66]
St. Ursula Academy 1910 Female Cincinnati Independent (Ursulines)
St. Xavier 1831 Male Cincinnati Jesuit
Summit Country Day 1890 Co-ed Cincinnati Independent
Ursuline Academy 1896 Female Cincinnati Independent[83]

Superintendents

[edit]
  • Carl J. Ryan (1941–1964)[84][85]
  • Herman H. Kenning (1970–1974)[86]
  • Kathryn Ann Connelly (1983–2002)[87][88]
  • Joseph Kamis (2002–2010)[89]
  • Jim Riggs (2010–2015)[90]
  • Susie Gibbons (2015–present)


Media

[edit]

Publications

[edit]

The Archdiocese of Cincinnati publishes a monthly magazine, The Catholic Telegraph. Founded as a weekly newspaper in 1831, it is the oldest diocesan newspaper and second oldest Catholic newspaper in the United States. The Telegraph converted to a magazine format in 2020. Its defunct sister newspaper, Der Wahrheitsfreund, was the first German Catholic newspaper in the country.

The national magazine St. Anthony Messenger is published in Cincinnati by the Franciscan Friars with the archdiocese's ecclesiastical approval.

Radio stations

[edit]

Several area Catholic radio stations, owned by separate entities, serve the archdiocese:

  • WNOP 740 AM Licensed to Newport, Kentucky. "Sacred Heart Radio" plus a sister station
  • WHSS 89.5 FM in Hamilton, a repeater of WNOP.
  • WULM 1600 AM located in Springfield "Radio Maria" (based at KJMJ in Alexandria, Louisiana) serving portions of the Dayton area: a fifty-mile radius in the daytime. (ten mile radius at night) plus a sister station:
  • WHJM 88.7 FM licensed in Anna, transmitting from Botkins with a live studio located in Minster. It serves a forty-mile radius within the Upper Miami Valley and southern portions of the Lima area. Radio Maria also streams on the internet
  • WLRU-LP 106.9 FM in Hillsboro.

Other stations reach into portions of the archdiocese:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Amos, Denise Smith (5 October 2011). "Catholic leaders to share assessment of schools". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2011-10-28. Schools: 113 schools with 43,641 students enrolled last year. Cincinnati region includes 17 high schools, 66 elementary schools and one K-12 specialty school.
  2. ^ a b "Initial Assessment Report" (PDF). Lighting the Way: A Vision for Catholic School Education for Catholic Schools. ACE Consulting, University of Notre Dame. 2011-09-13. p. 36. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  3. ^ "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati". GCatholic. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Our History". Archdiocese of Baltimore. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
  5. ^ "Freedom of Religion Comes to Boston | Archdiocese of Boston". www.bostoncatholic.org. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  6. ^ "Louisville (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  7. ^ "History of the Archdiocese". Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  8. ^ "History – Emmanuel Catholic Church". Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  9. ^ M.P. O'Brien, "Cincinnati", Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 3 (1913), s.v.
  10. ^ a b c d Shearer, Donald (June 1933). "Pontificia Americana: A Documentary History of the Catholic Church in the United States 1784 -1884". Franciscan Studies. 11 (11): 343. JSTOR 41974134 – via JSTOR.
  11. ^ "Bishop Edward Dominic Fenwick [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  12. ^ "Petit OP, Loretta. "Friar in the Wilderness", Project OPUS, Chicago, 1994". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
  13. ^ "History". Athenaeum of Ohio. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  14. ^ "Welcome to the Archdiocese of Cincinnati Website". Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  15. ^ O'Daniel, V. F. (Victor Francis) (1920). The Right Rev. Edward Dominic Fenwick, O. P. : founder of the Dominicans in the United States, pioneer missionary in Kentucky, apostle of Ohio, first bishop of Cincinnati. Kelly - University of Toronto. Washington, D.C. : The Dominicana.
  16. ^ Fricke, Doug (Jan 1, 2010). Genealogy of the Mangold Family from Bavaria to Cincinnati, 1800 to 1930s. Allodium Chase. p. 53. ISBN 9780979996719. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  17. ^ a b "A History of Old St. Mary's". Oratory. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  18. ^ "History & Architecture". Cathedral Basilica of Saint Peter in Chains. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  19. ^ Craycraft, Kenneth (2023-09-15). "A Closer Look: Mount Saint Mary's Seminary, Legacy, Promise, and Hope". Catholic Telegraph. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  20. ^ Hansen, Ann Natalie (October 1997). "Our Lady of Mercy School" (PDF). BULLETIN of the Catholic Record Society, Diocese of Columbus. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  21. ^ Frederick J. Blue (1987). Salmon P. Chase: a life in politics. Kent State University Press. p. 97. ISBN 0-87338-340-0.
  22. ^ James F. Connelly (1960). The visit of Archbishop Gaetano Bedini to the United States of America: June 1853-February 1854. Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana. p. 96ff. ISBN 88-7652-082-1. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
  23. ^ a b "Catholic Encyclopedia: John Baptist Purcell". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  24. ^ "Archbishop William Henry Elder [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  25. ^ Fortin, Roger Antonio. Faith and Action: A History of the Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati, 1821-1996, Ohio State University Press, 2002, p. 171, ISBN 9780814209042
  26. ^ Cheney, David M. "Archbishop Henry Moeller". Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  27. ^ "Bans New Dances". The New York Times. 1921-02-20.
  28. ^ "Archbishop John Timothy McNicholas, O.P." Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  29. ^ Fortin, Roger (2002). Faith and Action: A History of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati (1821-1996). Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
  30. ^ Piux XII (21 October 1944). "Constituto Apostolica Cincinnatensis et Columbensis" (PDF). Acta Apostolicae Sedis. xxxvii (6): 153–155 – via Vatican.
  31. ^ "Archbishop Karl Joseph Alter". Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  32. ^ a b "Archbishop Karl Alter". Toledo Blade. 1977-08-23.
  33. ^ "Roman Catholics: Schools Under Strain - TIME". 2011-05-24. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  34. ^ "About Us - Previous Bishops". Evansville Catholic Diocese. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  35. ^ Fortin, Roger Antonio (2002). Faith and Action: A History of the Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati, 1821-1996. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-0904-2.
  36. ^ Pronechen, Joseph (2020-03-19). "St. Joseph's Apparition in the United States". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  37. ^ "Regarding Our Lady of America". EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  38. ^ "Archbishop Paul Leibold. Dies; Headed Cincinnati Archdiocese". The New York Times. 1972-06-02. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  39. ^ Cheney, David M. (October 11, 2008). "Archbishop Daniel Edward Pilarczyk". Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  40. ^ Price, Bill (October 17, 2008). "Vatican Names Future Replacement For Pilarczyk". WCPO-TV.
  41. ^ "Cincinnati bishop among sponsors to pull support from women's conference". National Catholic Reporter. April 29, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  42. ^ Horn, Dan. "Cincinnati's archbishop defends firing of Catholic high school teacher who is gay". The Enquirer. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  43. ^ "Gay teacher ousted from Catholic school after 23 years". Sentinel-Tribune. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  44. ^ "Ohio teacher in same-sex marriage loses Catholic high school job". National Catholic Reporter. May 8, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  45. ^ CNA (July 20, 2021). "Archbishop: I would not have approved Biden's visit to Catholic university". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  46. ^ CNA. "Archbishop: I would not have approved Biden's visit to Catholic university". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  47. ^ Flynn, JD (2021-10-01). "Schnurr gets started". The Pillar. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  48. ^ Horn, Dan (September 8, 2021). "Big changes coming to archdiocese parishes and schools". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  49. ^ "Sex Abuse Cases Not New Locally, Cincinnati Enquirer, March 16, 2002". www.bishop-accountability.org. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  50. ^ Thompson, Richelle (April 14, 2002). "Abuse Robbed Family of Faith". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  51. ^ Coday, Denis (12 December 2003). "Cincinnati archdiocese convicted for failing to report sex abuse". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
  52. ^ Goodstein, Laurie (November 21, 2003). "Archdiocese of Cincinnati Fined in Sex Abuse Scandal". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  53. ^ "Archdiocese found guilty on abuse-related charges - Baltimore Sun". November 21, 2003.
  54. ^ a b Condon, Ed (Aug 5, 2019). "Auxiliary bishop did not disclose Cincinnati priest accusations". Catholic News Agency.
  55. ^ "Bishop Joseph R. Binzer Resigns as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati". The Catholic Telegraph. May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  56. ^ "Cincinnati priest arrested and indicted for sexually abusing minor". Catholic News Agency.
  57. ^ Horn, Dan (August 20, 2019). "'We were stunned': Church officials say they were blindsided by priest's rape charges". The Enquirer.
  58. ^ "Bond set at $5 million for Cincinnati Priest accused of raping altar boy". The Enquirer.
  59. ^ Baker, Jennifer Edwards; Goffinet, Jared; Medina, Andrea (2021-12-02). "Cincinnati priest pleads guilty to raping altar boy, gets 7 years in deal with prosecutors". fox19.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  60. ^ "The Mother of the Church in Cincinnati | Archdiocese of Cincinnati". www.catholiccincinnati.org. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
  61. ^ "A Portrait and A History". Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
  62. ^ "Did You Know?". Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
  63. ^ Amos, Denise Smith (7 October 2011). "Catholic schools seek to add pupils". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  64. ^ "Welcome to the Archdiocese of Cincinnati Website". Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  65. ^ Alltucker, Ken (2002-10-20). "Tristaters put stock in private schools". The Cincinnati Enquirer. p. A1. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  66. ^ a b Amos, Denise Smith (2011-03-11). "Q&A with James Rigg, superintendent of schools". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
  67. ^ Cassano, Rick (August 12, 2013). "GCL formally announces new 18-school alignment". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
  68. ^ Amos, Denise Smith (2011-03-10). "Archdiocese moves to unify 113 schools". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
  69. ^ "Archdiocese announces interim superintendent". The Catholic Telegraph. September 2, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
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39°06′18″N 84°30′44″W / 39.10500°N 84.51222°W / 39.10500; -84.51222

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