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Serekunda

Coordinates: 13°26′N 16°40′W / 13.433°N 16.667°W / 13.433; -16.667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Serekunda
City
A street with several buildings on each side. Many pedestrians and some cars are on the street.
Downtown Serekunda
Serekunda is located in The Gambia
Serekunda
Serekunda
Location in the Gambia
Coordinates: 13°26′N 16°40′W / 13.433°N 16.667°W / 13.433; -16.667
CountryGambia
DivisionKanifing
DistrictKanifing
Founded bySayerr Jobe
Named forFounder
Population
 (2013)[1]
 • City19,944
 • Urban
 (Kanifing Municipal Council)[2]
382,096
 • Metro
 (2018)[3]
1,150,000
Time zone0 GMT

Serekunda or Serrekunda is the largest urban centre in The Gambia. It is situated close to the Atlantic coast, on the Gambia River, near the capital, Banjul. Serekunda and Banjul form an urban area known as the Kombos, with about half of the population of the Gambia.

Serekunda was named for its founder Sayerr Jobe. It merged with several villages into a larger urban area. Banjul's growth has been restricted due to being a small island, leading to Serekunda growing in population and businesses moving there from Banjul. Since the 1980s, Serekunda has been a regional center of the Tablighi Jamaat religious movement.

Serekunda has a popular market. Along the coast, the Senegambia Strip is a popular place for foreign tourists.

History

[edit]

Foundation and toponymy

[edit]

Serekunda was founded in the second half of the 19th century by Sayerr Jobe, a Wolof man from Koki in the Kingdom of Cayor, in what is now northern Senegal. Jobe, whose family was part of the royal class, left Koki due to a power struggle. He went upriver to Niumi, then Banjul, before establishing Serekunda. He delegated power to his seven sons before dying in 1896.[4] At the time Sukuta was the only nearby settlement, and the area was a thick forest.[5] The name 'Serekunda' is a corruption of 'Sayerr Kunda', meaning 'the home of Sayerr's family'.[6]

Several villages, including Dippakunda, Latrikunda, and Serekunda, grew into the city of Serekunda.[7]

Post-independence

[edit]

In the 1960s, Serekunda and Bakau expanded as satellite towns of Bathurst (now Banjul), forming a "Mandinka belt".[8]

After the National Convention Party (NCP) was founded in 1975, Serekunda and neighboring Bakau were the towns with the highest support for it outside of the rural Badibbu area. Though the NCP was primarily a Mandinka party, it, as well as the People's Progressive Party (PPP), had wide support across ethnic groups in Serekunda. In the 1977 Gambian general election, Serekunda had two constituencies; Serekunda West elected the NCP and Serekunda East elected the PPP. Both races were close. In the 1979 local elections, the Kanifing Urban District Council had eight seats won by the PPP and the remaining four won by the NCP. Serekunda's vote in this election was 63% in favor of PPP. In the 1982 Gambian general election, the PPP won both seats in Serekunda, with 63% of the vote, and the NCP kept a narrow hold of Bakau. The result in Serekunda West was influenced by a local man who had switched his support from the NCP to the PPP.[7]

In 1982, a survey found that less than 10% of workers in Serekunda were in unions.[9] In 1985, Serekunda's population was estimated to be 70,000. Many residents worked in Banjul. About 3% of residents were employed as farmers, and others raised crops or livestock, unlike in Banjul.[7]

1990s–2020s

[edit]
Many people on a street with a baobab tree.
Serekunda in 1999

In March 1996, students at the Muslim High School were involved in a riot against Yahya Jammeh's military rule, which led to its principal, Pa Modou N'jie, being fired.[10]

In the 1997 Gambian parliamentary election, the first election after Jammeh took power, the Serrekunda East seat was won by the little-known Fabakary Jatta in an upset against Halifa Sallah, a founding member of PDOIS. Sallah did not contest the result.[11] Sallah later held the Serrekunda Central seat until he lost it to the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction in the 2007 election.[12]

In 2001, Jammeh's government conducted extrajudicial killings at the University of the Gambia.[13] In October 2009, United Democratic Party (UDP) activist Femi Peters was arrested for organising an anti-Jammeh rally in Serekunda. He was sentenced to one year of prison.[14]

In December 2016, after Jammeh rejected his loss of the election, the military deployed in Banjul and Serekunda.[15] On 21 January 2017, when he left the country, a crowd celebrated at Westfield Junction in Serekunda.[16] After he lost the presidency, many Gambian emigrants returned to the country. Management of these migrants was concentrated in Serekunda.[17] A group that had been stuck in transit in Libya stoned the International Organization for Migration's office in Serekunda, feeling frustrated that the government had not kept its promise to reintegrate them.[18]

After incumbent Adama Barrow won the 2021 Gambian presidential election, the candidate Ousainou Darboe of the UDP contested the result. A group of the party's supporters gathered at his house in Serekunda and were dispersed with tear gas, which was condemned by the National Human Rights Commission.[19]

Geography

[edit]
A road with a few taxis and a box water tower
A street in Serekunda

Serekunda and Banjul are located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from each other, on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, at the mouth of the Gambia River.[7][20] The conurbation of Serekunda and Banjul, known as the Kombos, is the only major urban area in the Gambia.[21] The expansion of Banjul has been limited as it is an island surrounded by mangrove swamps, leading to Serekunda overtaking its status and gaining its overflow population.[7][22][23] In the 2000s, offices in Banjul moved to more modern offices with better infrastructure in Serekunda.[24] Bakau, expanded from a fishing village to part of the urban sprawl of Serekunda.[25]

Climate

[edit]

Serekunda is near the Sahara Desert. It is cloudless on 80% of days. It has one rainy season lasting from June to October.[26]

Its total ozone amount ranges from 225 to 329 Dobson units, with a mean of 268.1±15.97 Dobson units, as of 1993 to 1996. Its ozone peak is during its rainy season. The average daily erythemal ultraviolet dose is 5 kilojoules per square meter, with more variation during the rainy season.[26]

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]

As of the 2013 Population and Housing Census, Serekunda has a population of 19,944 people, including 9,758 women.[1]

Kanifing, which includes Serekunda, has a population of 382,096, including 189,679 males and 192,417 females. It has 67,119 households, with an average household size of 5.70.[2]

Kanifing population history[2]
1993 2003 2013
228,214 322,410 382,096

The urban agglomeration of Kanifing and Serrekunda is the only major urban area in the Gambia. It has about half of the country's population, as of 2018.[3]

Languages

[edit]

Serekunda is ethnically and linguistically diverse.[7] The Wolof language serves as a lingua franca in Serekunda and across the west of the country. Nearly all signage is in Gambian English.[27]

Immigration

[edit]

Serekunda is an ethnic enclave of Soninke people, including many from the town of Sabi. Some Soninke migrants move their families to Serekunda.[28][29] In the 1970s and 1980s, many wealthy Soninke people chose to move to the Kombos for business reasons.[30]

People from villages come to the Kombos to study, work, run small businesses, or join businesses of relatives. On average, these villagers stay for 2.2 years.[21]

In 2003, after the Sierra Leonean Civil War, thousands of Sierra Leoneans lived in Serekunda and Bakau. Most identified as migrants rather than refugees, so they did not receive UNHCR aid; fewer than 200 lived in the Koudoum Refugee Camp. Many of the migrants had formal education and sought skilled jobs. About fifteen Sierra Leonean youth clubs were formed in Serekunda. Most were affiliated with the Sierra Leonean Union (SLENU), a politically influential organisation formed in the 1980s. A Sierra Leonean Tablighi Jamaat center was formed.[31]

Religion

[edit]

In 2000, Soninke religious leaders established the Imam Malik Insitute, a madrasa and boarding school that teaches the sunnah. It has gradually expanded since its establishment, with teachers who studied in the Middle East.[30]

After the Baháʼí missionary Fariborz Roozbehyan arrived in the Gambia in February 1954, a Spiritual Assembly was established in Serekunda.[32]

The Deeper Christian Life Ministry runs a health centre in Old Yundum.[33]

Tablighi Jamaat movement

[edit]
A mosque with beige walls and four spires topped with green domes
The Markaz mosque on Bundung Highway

Serekunda is a centre of the Tablighi Jamaat Islamic movement. The Markaz (transl. Center), a dawah centre in the Bundung area, is the country's main centre of the Jamaat. The Markaz is open to the public and congregates on Thursdays. It has a reputation for being secretive and is surrounded by barbed wire.[34] Gambians who convert to the Jamaat often move to Serekunda and leave their families.[35]

In the 1990s, and adherents from across West Africa convened in the city. Imam Karamoko Dukureh, the son of a marabout from the village of Gambissara and studied in Saudi Arabia, introduced the Jamaat to the Gambia.[35] After his followers determined the Jamaat would not be popular in the village, they built a compound in Serrekunda, that he moved into. As the compound expanded, it moved to another part of Serekunda, expanding to a two-storey building with an adjacent mosque that can seat 2,000 people. Pakistani preachers preach at the compound.[34] Dukureh served as the imam of the Markaz until his death in 2000. Since the Markaz banned women in 2003, five homes of women who adhere to the Jamaat have served as centres of it.[36]

Economy

[edit]
A market. In the foreground, a woman carries a basket on her head.
The market in Serekunda

According to the 2013 economic census, Kanifing had 14,924 business establishments, the highest of any local government area and 40.3% of the country's total. the districts of Serekunda West, Serekunda East, and Serekunda Central respectively had 5,051, 3,547, and 3,198 establishments.[1]

Serekunda Market is the largest in the country.[37] Traders have sold produce there since the early nineteenth century.[38] It is a popular place to buy batik.[39] Vendors at Serekunda Market have other jobs such as farming.[40]

Serekunda and other Gambian cities have informal trade networks that smuggle products across the Gambia–Senegal border.[41]

The Banjul-Serrekunda Highway has large billboards for companies such as Gamcel. Sayerr Jobe Avenue has shops whose storefronts advertise to people walking or driving on the street.[27]

Tourism

[edit]

The Senegambia Strip in Serekunda is a short road that contains many restaurants and music venues.[42] It is the country's most popular site for coastal entertainment. It receives tourists from wealthy countries, whose spending is a major contributor to the economy.[43]

The Senegambia Strip has a large market for sex tourism.[43] It is the country's center for sex tourism. Men who provide sex for tourists are known as bumsters. Residents of Serekunda believe sex tourism has become a norm, and may involve paedophilia that harms local youth. Many are concerned that European tourists take advantage of economic inequality by persuading poor Gambians to have sex for money. Politicians have proposed subsidising new accomodations or increasing penalties for foreign sex tourists.[42]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]
A road intersection with some two-story buildings and bollards on the curb.
Westfield Junction

Westfield Junction is a busy intersection at the terminus of a highway to Banjul. From the intersection, drivers can go to coastal Serekunda or continue inland.[44]

Serekunda is linked to Banjul by a public bus service and private taxis.[7]

Healthcare

[edit]

Kanifing General Hospital, formerly known as Serrekunda General Hospital, is a tertiary referral hospital.[45] It serves a catchment area of 600,000 people, and it has 114 beds and 2 operating theatres, as of 2021. Its thyroid clinic was established in 2015.[46] The hospital's One Stop Centre takes referrals for psychiatric patients.[47] It is the country's second-biggest trauma centre. It does not have an orthopaedic unit.[48]

Serekunda Health Centre serves a catchment area of 123,000 people in Serekunda and nearby settlements. It is one of the busiest health facilities in the Gambia. It delivers over 300 babies per month.[49] It has an infant welfare clinic.[50] Kanifing General Hospital and the Serekunda Health Centre provide infertility care.[51] Serekunda Health Centre has seen a decrease in malaria cases since 2005.[52]

Media and communications

[edit]

The Serekunda Internet Exchange Point has been in service since July 2014.[53]

Radio 1 FM is an independent commercial radio station established in 1990.[54]

Waste management

[edit]

Kanifing's waste is dumped in Batokeh Dump Site, located on a major road to Serekunda. The Kanifing Municipal Council's Cleansing Services Unit was established in 1984, funded by the World Bank.[55] In 2017, vendors at Serekunda Market issued complaints about residents dumping trash in the market. The KMC had stopped their collection of the waste.[56]

Sport

[edit]

Traditional wrestling matches attract tourists.[57]

Football

[edit]

Ahead of the country hosting the 2005 African U-17 Championship, the Gambia Football Federation upgraded two stadiums in Serekunda, with support from the government and the FIFA Forward programme. The Gambian National Olympic Committee's Sport Infrastructure Initiative Project completed a mini stadium in Serekunda in 2001, which opened in 2007.[58]

Serrekunda United and Latrikunda United football clubs play in the GFA League Second Division.[59]

The Serekunda East Sports Development Organization was the subject of a petition of no confidence on 5 March 2016. Seven teams had been relegated from the Nawettan. It had not held annual general meetings from 2013 to 2015. It was accused of mismanaging and embezzling 1.7 million dalasi. The investigation recommended the suspension fo the organisation.[60][61]

The Serekunda Central Sports Committee joined the Nawettan in 2011.[62]

Districts or suburbs

[edit]

The following districts form part of Serekunda:

  1. Bakoteh
  2. Bunungka Kunda
  3. Dippa Kunda
  4. Eboe Town
  5. Faji Kunda
  6. London Corner
  7. New Jeshwang
  8. Old Jeshwang
  9. Kololi
  10. Kotu
  11. Latri Kunda
  12. Latri Kunda Sabiji
  13. Manjai Kunda
  14. Serekunda District
  15. Talinding Kunjang
  16. Churchill's Town

References

[edit]
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13°26′N 16°40′W / 13.433°N 16.667°W / 13.433; -16.667