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Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. It also borders Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.

During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century marked on maps as "Ukraine, land of the Cossacks", but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union when it was formed in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. The German occupation during World War II in Ukraine was devastating, with 7 million Ukrainian civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996. A series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, led to the establishment of a new government in 2014 after a revolution. Russia then unilaterally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in the Donbas between Russian-backed separatists and government forces in eastern Ukraine. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Since the outbreak of war with Russia, Ukraine has continued to seek closer ties with the United States, European Union, and NATO.

Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. A developing country, it is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita and corruption remains a significant issue. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. Nonetheless, Ukraine is a major middle power and possesses the fifth largest and one of the best-funded armed forces in the world. The Ukrainian Armed Forces also operates one of the largest and most diverse drone fleet in the world. It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE. It is in the process of joining the European Union and has applied to join NATO. (Full article...)

In the news

18 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Southern Ukraine campaign
Ukrainian forces withdraw from the village of Krynky in Kherson Oblast. (Bloomberg)
17 July 2024 – Germany–Ukraine relations, Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
Germany issues plans to halve its military aid to Ukraine in 2025. (Reuters)
16 July 2024 – 2024 European heatwaves
Ukrainian state electrical grid operator Ukrenergo begins emergency power shutdowns in seven eastern and central oblasts amid a record heat wave and equipment failures worsened by ongoing Russian attacks. (Reuters)
16 July 2024 – Czech Republic–Ukraine relations
The Czech Republic announces plans to facilitate Colt CZ Group assault rifle production and the construction of an ammunition factory in Ukraine. (RFE/RL)
15 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Ukraine–NATO relations
NATO establishes a new command centre in Wiesbaden, Germany, to plan and coordinate support for the Ukrainian military as part of the NATO Security Assistance and Training for Ukraine. (Euronews)
15 July 2024 – Hungary–European Union relations, 2024 visits by Viktor Orbán to Russia and China
The European Commission announces that top European Union officials including European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen will boycott informal meetings hosted by Hungary during its rotating EU Presidency, in response to rogue meetings made by Hungarian PM Viktor Orbán to Russia and China regarding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. (AP)
14 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Russia takes control of Urozhaine in Donetsk Oblast, which Ukraine had previously recaptured in July 2023. (Reuters)
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This is a list that encompasses and includes all leaders and rulers in the history of Ukraine. This page includes the titles of the Grand Prince of Kiev, Grand Prince of Chernigov, Grand Prince of Pereiaslavl, Grand Prince of Galicia–Volhynia, Hetman of Ukraine and President of Ukraine. The following list begins with the leaders who ruled over the territory of Ukraine during Antiquity and is followed by the princes who ruled the principalities that constituted Kievan Rus and continues with the presidents of Ukraine.

The territory has been known by a plethora of names, it has been known historically as: Kievan Rus, Rus', the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia, the Zaporozhian Host and the Hetmanate. The sovereigns of these fluctuating political entities have accordingly been described in a variety of ways: knyaz, knyahinya, korol, hetman and president. Two of the earliest noble titles: knyaz and velyky knyaz translate into English as "Prince" and "Grand Prince" respectively, whilst korol translates into 'king'. (Full article...)
List of selected articles

In the news

18 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Southern Ukraine campaign
Ukrainian forces withdraw from the village of Krynky in Kherson Oblast. (Bloomberg)
17 July 2024 – Germany–Ukraine relations, Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
Germany issues plans to halve its military aid to Ukraine in 2025. (Reuters)
16 July 2024 – 2024 European heatwaves
Ukrainian state electrical grid operator Ukrenergo begins emergency power shutdowns in seven eastern and central oblasts amid a record heat wave and equipment failures worsened by ongoing Russian attacks. (Reuters)
16 July 2024 – Czech Republic–Ukraine relations
The Czech Republic announces plans to facilitate Colt CZ Group assault rifle production and the construction of an ammunition factory in Ukraine. (RFE/RL)
15 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Ukraine–NATO relations
NATO establishes a new command centre in Wiesbaden, Germany, to plan and coordinate support for the Ukrainian military as part of the NATO Security Assistance and Training for Ukraine. (Euronews)
15 July 2024 – Hungary–European Union relations, 2024 visits by Viktor Orbán to Russia and China
The European Commission announces that top European Union officials including European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen will boycott informal meetings hosted by Hungary during its rotating EU Presidency, in response to rogue meetings made by Hungarian PM Viktor Orbán to Russia and China regarding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. (AP)
14 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Russia takes control of Urozhaine in Donetsk Oblast, which Ukraine had previously recaptured in July 2023. (Reuters)

Selected anniversaries for July

A 1943 Soviet stamp commemorating Lyudmila Pavlichenko.
A 1943 Soviet stamp commemorating Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

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