Foreign relations of Tunisia
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2008) |
![]() |
---|
![]() |
![]() ![]() |
Former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali has maintained Tunisia's long-time policy of seeking good relations with the West, while playing an active role in Arab and African regional bodies. President Habib Bourguiba took a nonaligned stance but emphasized close relations with Europe, Pakistan, and the United States.
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of countries which Tunisia maintains diplomatic relations with:
![]() | ||
---|---|---|
# | Country | Date[1] |
1 | ![]() |
20 March 1956[2] |
2 | ![]() |
2 June 1956[3] |
3 | ![]() |
6 June 1956[4] |
4 | ![]() |
11 June 1956[5] |
5 | ![]() |
19 June 1956[6] |
6 | ![]() |
20 June 1956[7] |
7 | ![]() |
22 June 1956[8] |
8 | ![]() |
26 June 1956[9] |
9 | ![]() |
June 1956 |
10 | ![]() |
30 August 1956[10] |
11 | ![]() |
31 August 1956[11] |
12 | ![]() |
7 December 1956[12] |
13 | ![]() |
1956 |
14 | ![]() |
1956 |
15 | ![]() |
1956[13] |
16 | ![]() |
1956 |
17 | ![]() |
1956[14] |
18 | ![]() |
1956 |
19 | ![]() |
21 May 1957[15] |
20 | ![]() |
8 July 1957[16] |
21 | ![]() |
19 August 1957[17] |
22 | ![]() |
9 September 1957[18] |
23 | ![]() |
December 1957[19] |
24 | ![]() |
1957 |
25 | ![]() |
1957 |
26 | ![]() |
1957 |
27 | ![]() |
1957[20] |
28 | ![]() |
1956[21] |
29 | ![]() |
2 April 1958[22] |
30 | ![]() |
11 June 1958[23] |
31 | ![]() |
29 August 1958[24] |
32 | ![]() |
1958 |
33 | ![]() |
17 July 1959[25] |
34 | ![]() |
29 July 1959[26] |
35 | ![]() |
23 September 1959[27] |
36 | ![]() |
7 October 1959[28] |
37 | ![]() |
15 November 1959[29] |
38 | ![]() |
1959 |
39 | ![]() |
1959 |
40 | ![]() |
1959 |
41 | ![]() |
12 November 1960[30] |
42 | ![]() |
18 February 1961[31] |
43 | ![]() |
22 March 1961[32] |
44 | ![]() |
6 October 1961[33] |
45 | ![]() |
11 October 1961[34] |
46 | ![]() |
16 November 1961[35] |
47 | ![]() |
1961 |
48 | ![]() |
24 June 1962[36] |
49 | ![]() |
30 June 1962[37] |
50 | ![]() |
31 July 1962[38] |
51 | ![]() |
13 November 1962[39] |
52 | ![]() |
1962 |
53 | ![]() |
1962[40] |
54 | ![]() |
1962 |
55 | ![]() |
16 December 1963[41] |
56 | ![]() |
1963 |
57 | ![]() |
10 January 1964[42] |
58 | ![]() |
28 April 1964[43] |
59 | ![]() |
1964 |
60 | ![]() |
26 March 1965[44] |
61 | ![]() |
16 September 1965[45] |
62 | ![]() |
1965 |
63 | ![]() |
1965 |
64 | ![]() |
18 January 1967[46] |
65 | ![]() |
2 February 1967[47] |
66 | ![]() |
30 May 1967[48] |
67 | ![]() |
21 December 1967[49] |
68 | ![]() |
25 January 1968[50] |
69 | ![]() |
26 November 1968[51] |
70 | ![]() |
2 December 1968[52] |
71 | ![]() |
9 December 1968[52] |
72 | ![]() |
12 March 1969[53] |
73 | ![]() |
March 1969[54] |
74 | ![]() |
15 January 1970[55] |
75 | ![]() |
14 May 1970[56] |
76 | ![]() |
10 July 1971[57] |
77 | ![]() |
December 1971[58] |
78 | ![]() |
1971 |
79 | ![]() |
1971 |
— | ![]() |
22 March 1972[59] |
80 | ![]() |
14 June 1972[60] |
81 | ![]() |
20 June 1972[61] |
82 | ![]() |
25 June 1972[62] |
83 | ![]() |
15 December 1972[63] |
84 | ![]() |
28 December 1972[64] |
85 | ![]() |
1972 |
86 | ![]() |
1972 |
87 | ![]() |
17 July 1973[65] |
88 | ![]() |
8 October 1973[66] |
89 | ![]() |
15 October 1973[67] |
90 | ![]() |
16 January 1975[68] |
91 | ![]() |
3 August 1975[69] |
92 | ![]() |
15 December 1975[70] |
93 | ![]() |
1975 |
94 | ![]() |
9 February 1976[71] |
95 | ![]() |
1976[72] |
96 | ![]() |
15 February 1977[73] |
97 | ![]() |
17 February 1977[74] |
98 | ![]() |
1977 |
99 | ![]() |
29 January 1980[75] |
100 | ![]() |
1 March 1980[76] |
101 | ![]() |
1980 |
102 | ![]() |
1980 |
103 | ![]() |
20 January 1981[77] |
104 | ![]() |
7 December 1981[78] |
105 | ![]() |
1981 |
106 | ![]() |
10 September 1983[79] |
107 | ![]() |
1983 |
108 | ![]() |
14 April 1984[80] |
109 | ![]() |
30 November 1984[81] |
110 | ![]() |
25 August 1986[82] |
111 | ![]() |
1986 |
112 | ![]() |
1 November 1988[83] |
113 | ![]() |
30 November 1989[84] |
114 | ![]() |
23 March 1990[85] |
115 | ![]() |
1 May 1990[86] |
116 | ![]() |
24 June 1992[87] |
117 | ![]() |
26 June 1992[88] |
118 | ![]() |
29 June 1992[89] |
119 | ![]() |
30 June 1992[90] |
120 | ![]() |
30 October 1992[83] |
121 | ![]() |
11 November 1992[83] |
122 | ![]() |
23 November 1992[91] |
123 | ![]() |
25 November 1992[92] |
124 | ![]() |
26 November 1992[93] |
125 | ![]() |
30 November 1992[94] |
126 | ![]() |
1 January 1993[95] |
127 | ![]() |
18 January 1993[96] |
128 | ![]() |
20 May 1993[97] |
129 | ![]() |
25 October 1993[98] |
130 | ![]() |
May 1994[99] |
131 | ![]() |
12 April 1995[100] |
— | ![]() |
19 April 1995[101] |
132 | ![]() |
7 March 1996[102] |
133 | ![]() |
29 January 1997[103] |
134 | ![]() |
1 July 1998[104] |
135 | ![]() |
1 December 2000[83] |
136 | ![]() |
15 July 2002[83] |
137 | ![]() |
27 September 2004[83] |
138 | ![]() |
17 December 2005[105] |
139 | ![]() |
19 June 2006[106] |
140 | ![]() |
20 November 2006[83] |
141 | ![]() |
7 March 2007[107] |
142 | ![]() |
14 March 2007[83] |
143 | ![]() |
19 March 2007[83] |
144 | ![]() |
15 June 2007[83] |
145 | ![]() |
2 July 2007[108] |
146 | ![]() |
11 July 2012[109] |
147 | ![]() |
24 July 2012[110] |
148 | ![]() |
26 June 2015[111][112] |
149 | ![]() |
3 May 2017[113] |
150 | ![]() |
12 May 2017[114] |
151 | ![]() |
19 September 2018[115] |
152 | ![]() |
27 September 2018[83] |
153 | ![]() |
1 November 2018[83] |
154 | ![]() |
2 July 2019[83] |
155 | ![]() |
27 September 2019[83] |
156 | ![]() |
Unknown |
157 | ![]() |
Unknown |
158 | ![]() |
Unknown |
159 | ![]() |
Unknown |
160 | ![]() |
Unknown |
161 | ![]() |
Unknown |
162 | ![]() |
Unknown |
163 | ![]() |
Unknown |
164 | ![]() |
Unknown |
Bilateral relations
[edit]Africa
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
See Algeria–Tunisia relations
Tunisia and Algeria resolved a longstanding border dispute in 1993 and have cooperated in the construction of the Trans-Mediterranean natural gas pipeline through Tunisia that connects Algeria to Italy. In 2003 Tunisia and Algeria formed Numhyd, a petroleum company to develop oil resources. It is jointly owned (each 50%) by government corporations, Algeria's Sonatrach and Tunisia's Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières (ETAP). Recently Tunisia signed an agreement with Algeria in order to demarcate more exactly the maritime frontier between the two countries. | |
![]() |
Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[116] | |
![]() |
1956[1] | See Egypt–Tunisia relations
In the 1950s the President of Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba, criticized on pragmatic grounds the type of Arab nationalism then promoted by Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, which was a widely popular ideology at the time in the Arabic-speaking countries. Their disagreement also concerned the policies of the Arab League. Bourguiba and Nassar eventually came to find some common ground.[117] Although ties were broken under Nasser, and again under Anwar Sadat, on the whole relations between Egypt and Tunisia have remained mutually beneficial. After the Tunisian revolution in 2011, the Tunisian-Egyptian relations were very good, especially after the 2011 elections in Tunisia, where the Islamic-oriented Ennahda Movement won the elections, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood movement in Egypt won the elections, and also the convergence between the two presidents Moncef Marzouki and Mohamed Morsi. But since the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, relations became increasingly strained, and between the two and considered Tunisia that what is happening in Egypt is a military coup d'État bloody and protested against it in the United Nations, which led to a diplomatic crisis in relations severed in an indirect way and there is a lack of official visits at all levels. After the 2014 elections in Tunisia and the win of Nidaa Tounes's secular movement, improved relations and exchanged visits between officials and ministers.
|
![]() |
22 June 1956 | See Libya–Tunisia relations
Tunisia's relations with Libya have been erratic since Tunisia annulled a brief agreement to form a union in 1974. Diplomatic relations were broken in 1976, restored in 1977, and deteriorated again in 1980, when Libyan-trained rebels attempted to seize the town of Gafsa. In 1982, the International Court of Justice ruled in Libya's favor in the partition of the oil-rich continental shelf it shares with Tunisia. Libya's 1985 expulsion of Tunisian workers and military threats led Tunisia to sever relations. Relations were normalized again in 1987. While supporting the United Nations sanctions imposed following airline bombings, Tunisia has been careful to maintain positive relations with its neighbor. Tunisia supported the lifting of UN sanctions against Libya in 2003, and Libya is again becoming a major trading partner. Currently, Tunisia has a maritime dispute with Libya. |
![]() |
1956[1] |
Trade is increasing between Tunisia and Morocco. Direct maritime shipping commenced between the two countries in 2008 to supplement rail connections that remained uncertain. Also, the stock exchanges of Tunis and Casablanca this year began to jointly list the stock of a Maghriban company, this initial case involving an IPO.[118]
|
Americas
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
11 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1961.
|
![]() |
Both countries have passed a number of bilateral agreements.[119] | |
![]() |
1956 |
|
![]() |
9 September 1957 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1957. |
![]() |
16 November 1961 | See Mexico–Tunisia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1961. |
![]() |
6 June 1956 | See Tunisia–United States relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1956[122] The United States has very good relations with Tunisia, which date back more than 200 years. The United States has maintained official representation in Tunis almost continuously since 1795, and the American Friendship Treaty with Tunisia was signed in 1799. The two governments are not linked by security treaties, but relations have been close since Tunisia's independence. The United States and Tunisia have an active schedule of joint military exercises. U.S. security assistance historically has played an important role in cementing relations. The U.S.-Tunisian Joint Military Commission meets annually to discuss military cooperation, Tunisia's defense modernization program, and other security matters. Since 2015, Tunisia and the United States are partners under the Major non-NATO partnership agreement.
|
Asia
[edit]Tunisia has long been a voice for moderation and realism in the Middle East. Tunisia served as the headquarters of the Arab League from 1979 to 1990 and hosted the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) headquarters from 1982 to 1993, when the PLO Executive Committee relocated to Jericho and the Palestinian Authority was established after the signing of the Oslo Accords. The PLO Political Department remains in Tunis.
Tunisia consistently has played a moderating role in the negotiations for a comprehensive Middle East peace. In 1993, Tunisia was the first Arab country to host an official Israeli delegation as part of the Middle East peace process and maintained an Interests Section until the outbreak in 2000 of the Intifada. Israeli citizens of Tunisian descent may travel to Tunisia on their Israeli passports.
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
See Armenia–Tunisia relations
| ||
![]() |
1 July 1998 | See Azerbaijan-Tunisia relations
| |
![]() |
10 January 1964 | See China–Tunisia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1964[123] | |
![]() |
See India–Tunisia relations
| ||
![]() |
See Iran–Tunisia relations
In May, 2005, Tunisia signed with Iran an agreement for cooperation in air, sea, and road transportation. It was signed on the visit of Tunisian minister Abderrahim Zouari to Iran.[124]
| ||
{ | ![]() |
Tunisia and Japan have a visa agreement, Tunisian people traveling to Japan and Japanese people traveling to Tunisia do not need a visa, as long as their stay do not exceed 3 months. Japan also supports Tunisia, with equipment and money donations. Both countries had friendly relations since Tunisia's independence in 1956. Since 2015, Tunisia and Japan are allies under the Major non-NATO ally agreement.
| |
![]() |
Tunisia and Lebanon share historical and civilizational ties. In June, 2010, the Tunisian Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi and his Lebanese counterpart Mr. Saad Hariri chaired a Tunisian-Lebanese working session. Both countries want to energize the process for the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. In addition, Tunisia reaffirmed its support of Lebanon.[125]
| ||
![]() |
19 August 1957 | See Pakistan–Tunisia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 August 1957[126]
| |
![]() |
See Qatar–Tunisia relations
Qatar is among the largest Arab investors in Tunisia.[127] Relations between Qatar and Tunisia improved immensely between 2011 and 2013, when Ennahda Movement-affiliated candidate Hamadi Jebali was declared Prime Minister of Tunisia in the 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly elections. Cooperation in all fields gradually started picking up traction; for instance, the two governments signed ten bilateral agreements in 2012.[128]
| ||
![]() |
See Saudi Arabia–Tunisia relations
In July 2010, a Tunisian-Saudi non-double taxation agreement was signed in Tunis, by Finance Minister Ridha Chalghoum and his Saudi counterpart Ibrahim Bin Abdulaziz Al-Assaf. The two ministers said this convention will certainly help boost trade exchanges between Tunisia and Saudi Arabia, stimulate investments, and favour exchange of expertise between the two countries. In particular, it will further the Tunisian-Saudi Investment and Development Bank "STUSID Bank" in developing financial co-operation and the contribution of the Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) to boost the development process in Tunisia. The minister highlighted the importance of drawing on the two countries' expertise in the tax and customs field and set up a joint action plan to strengthen co-operation.[129] | ||
![]() |
2 June 1956 |
The 11th session of the Tunisian-Syrian High Joint Committee met in Tunis in May 2010. The two countries share experience and information on such issues as housing, shipping, and tourism.[130]
| |
![]() |
1956[134] | See Tunisia–Turkey relations |
Europe
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
1956 |
|
![]() |
1993-01-30 |
|
![]() |
1999 |
|
![]() |
| |
![]() |
17 July 1959 |
|
![]() |
See France–Tunisia relations
Tunisia and France retain a special relationship due to their history, geographic location, and economic relationship. In France there is a sizeable Tunisian diaspora, and the French language is widely used in Tunisia. Business and government connections are extensive and mutually maintained. Ranked by country, France receives the largest amount of Tunisian exports, and France is number-one regarding Tunisian imports also. In recent years many French companies have re-localized production to Tunisia. | |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
See Greece–Tunisia relations
| |
![]() |
20 June 1956 | See Italy–Tunisia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1956.[140] |
![]() |
21 December 1967 |
|
![]() |
| |
![]() |
See Poland–Tunisia relations
| |
![]() |
1963 |
|
![]() |
1956 | See Russia–Tunisia relations
|
![]() |
19 June 1956 | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Tunisia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 19 June 1956.[6]
Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,[143] and an Investment Agreement.[144] |
Oceania
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
17 February 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 1977[145] |
![]() |
11 July 2012 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 2012[146] |
Foreign Ambassadors
[edit]- Farid Abboud, Lebanese Ambassador to Tunisia (2007–2013)
- Jacob Walles, American Ambassador to Tunisia (2012–2016) Preceded by Daniel Rubinstein[147]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b c "Relations bilatérales" (in French). Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). Diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ The Middle East Journal - Volumes 10-11. Middle East Institute. 1956. p. 423.
- ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Tunisia". history.state.gov. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ Soviet Foreign Policy: 1945-1980. Progress Publishers. 1981. pp. 642–681.
- ^ a b Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. (1970). The Diplomatic Service List. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 136–149.
- ^ Chronologie Internationale (in French). France. Direction de la documentation. 1956. p. 43.
- ^ Libya from Foreign Office files 1951-1956. The National Archives (Kew, United Kingdom). 1951. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ "Press Releases". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 24 June 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
- ^ Hungary. Pannonia Press. 1969. p. 100.
- ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ "العلاقات الأردنية - التونسية". mfa.gov.jo (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Bilateral relations Switzerland–Tunisia". eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ Pakistan Quarterly - Volume 7. Pakistan Publications. 1957. p. 63.
- ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1957. p. 31.
- ^ "2.05.258 Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Consulaat, later de Ambassade in Tunesië, 1955-1974" (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Tunisien". www.regeringen.se (in Swedish). Government of Sweden. 5 March 2008. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
- ^ "Hindi classes and Yoga sessions 2018". Embassy of India, Tunis. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Awakening Africa - Volume 1. Bureau of African Affairs. 1962. p. 113.
- ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ "Finland and Tunisia". finlandabroad.fi. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ Las relaciones entre Checoslovaquia y América Latina 1945-1989. En los archivos de la República Checa (in Spanish). Karolinum Press. 2015. p. 267.
- ^ "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. p. 19-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019.
- ^ "Cria uma Embaixada do Brasil na Tunísia. DECRETO Nº 46.980, DE 7 DE OUTUBRO DE 1959". PORTAL DE LEGISLAÇÃO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Tunezja" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ "The 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations of Indonesia — Tunisia". KBRI Tunis on Facebook. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- ^ Chronologie Internationale (in French). France. Direction de la documentation. 1961. p. 190.
- ^ "C'est arrivé un 16 novembre: Décès de Mamadou Coulibaly, le président du Conseil Économique et Sociale". Lebanco.net (in French). 16 November 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- ^ Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la República don Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez al Congreso Nacional al inaugurar el período ordinario de sesiones 21 de mayo de 1961 (in Spanish). 1961. p. 28.
- ^ "Establecmiento de relaciones diplomáticas estableciendo relaciones diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y Túnez". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Hoy conmemoramos el 61 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Túnez". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "حدث في مثل هذا اليوم في الكويت". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) (in Arabic). 24 June 2002. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 130-131. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 9. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 148-149. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 13. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ "CHRONOLOGIE INTERNATIONALE: Etablissement des relations diplomatiques par l'Algérie" (in French). p. 39. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ "Tunisie - DRC: Une coopération gagnante en Afrique et pour l'Afrique". magazine Entreprises (in French). 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Tunisia". china.org.cn. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1964_5" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 35. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ "En el 56° aniversario del establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas entre Venezuela y Túnez". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "La Política Exterior de Uruguay hacia los países africanos durante los gobiernos del Frente Amplio (2005-2017): ¿construcción de nuevas relaciones Sur-Sur?" (PDF). Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish): 225. 2019.
- ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 696.
- ^ "ตูนิเซีย (MFA Thailand in Thai)".
- ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 788.
Tunisia - Peru . M. Adhemar Montagne , the Peruvian Ambassador to Tunisia , presented his credentials on May 30th .
- ^ "PRESS RELEASE BY THE OFFICE OF THE SPEAKER:Speaker Farrugia receives new Tunisian Ambassador". 14 December 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 2659-2700. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1968. p. 4.
- ^ Maghreb: Documents: Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie, Issues 31-35 (in French). Centre d'étude des relations internationales (France). Section Afrique du nord, France. Direction de la documentation. 1969. p. 26.
- ^ a b Maghreb: Documents: Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie - Issues 31-35 (in French). Centre d'étude des relations internationales (France). Section Afrique du nord, France. Direction de la documentation. 1969. p. 27.
- ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1969. p. 104.
- ^ "Overview". mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1970. p. 543.
- ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ Jeune Afrique - Issues 548-560 (in French). Presse africaine associée. 1971. p. 66.
- ^ Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "السفير التونسي: 50 عاماً من العلاقات الدبلوماسية الراسخة بين الإمارات وتونس". aletihad.ae (in Arabic). 15 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ "QATAR: TUNISIAN AMBASSADOR PRESENTS CREDENTIALS IN DOHA". www.britishpathe.com. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- ^ "Africa". April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ Markaz al-Wathāʾiq al-Qawmīyah (Tunisia) (1972). Tunisie-actualités Issues 49-50 (in French). Centre de documentation nationale. p. 8.
- ^ State Dept cable 1973-57642. State Department. 1973. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Albania in the Focus of World Press in Years 1970-1973". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 3 (8): 196. April 2012.
- ^ "Celebramos 47 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Túnez Bandera de Costa Rica". Facebook (in Spanish). 15 October 2020.
- ^ ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1975. p. 88.
- ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "Today we celebrate 41 years of formal diplomatic relations with Tunisia!". 15 December 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ MEED Arab Report. Middle East Economic Digest Limited, 1976. p. 2.
- ^ "Relations Tunisie - Union des Comores". Archived from the original on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
- ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. p. 4-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ Australia's relations with Tunisia. Australian foreign affairs record.Vol. 48 No. 2 (February 1977). pp. Image 52. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ Carta de noticias. Vol. 189–223. Dirección General de Información y Prensa, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1979. p. 3.
- ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 6359-6408. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1980.
- ^ "África, Medio Oriente y Asia Central" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ South and East Asia Report No. 1087. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 13 January 1982. p. 61. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Keesing's Record of World Events. Vol. 34. 1988. p. 35631.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Diplomatic relations between Tunisia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "Chronologies Dans Monde Arabe 1990/2 (N°128)". La Documentation française (in French). p. 72. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "Chronologies Dans Monde Arabe 1990/3 (№129)". La Documentation Francaise (in French). p. 113. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Middle East and Africa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Tunisia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
- ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ^ "STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ "STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ Eritrea Update. Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada. 1992.
- ^ "1994". The O'Malley archive. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ The Palestine Yearbook of International Law, 8. Al-Shaybani Society of International Law. 1995. p. 209.
- ^ "Bilateral relations between Georgia and the Republic of Tunisia". Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ "Relations entre la Tunisie et le Belarus" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d "The Republic of Tunisia". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
- ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). pp. 104–112. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "De nouveaux ambassadeurs accrédités à Tunis". La Presse de Tunisie (in French). 12 July 2012. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "رئيس الجمهورية يتسلم أوراق اعتماد سفراء جدد بتونس". turess.com (in Arabic). 24 July 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "Béji Caïd Essebsi reçoit les lettres de créance de sept nouveaux ambassadeurs".
- ^ "The Tunisian President receives the credentials of the first ambassador of the Republic of South Sudan (in Arabic)". 30 November 2001.
- ^ "Béji Caïd Essebsi reçoit les lettres de créance de cinq nouveaux ambassadeurs". businessnews.com.tn (in French). 3 May 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Diplomatische Vertretungen beim Fürstentum Liechtenstein" (PDF) (in German). 30 October 2019. p. 32.
- ^ "Le mercredi 19 septembre 2018, S.E. M. Abdelaziz Rassaa, Ambassadeur Extraordinaire et Plénipotentiaire de la République de Tunise, S.E. M. Abdelkader Mesdoua la remise de leurs lettres de créance à S.A.S. le Prince Albert II".
- ^ "Relations Tunisie - Union des Comores". www.diplomatie.gov.tn. Archived from the original on 2017-08-21.
- ^ Jacques Baulin, The Arab role in Africa (Penguin 1962) at 118-128.
- ^ "Direct maritime transport commences between Tunisia and Morocco" www.magharebia.com - April 4, 2008.
- ^ http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=399&no_cache=1&L=0&tx_wdtreaties_pi1%5Baction& Archived 2022-05-01 at the Wayback Machine#93;=listView&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[country]=BLZ&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdtreaties_pi1[mode]=1
- ^ "Acerca de la Embajada". embamex.sre.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 2021-05-02. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
- ^ "EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA". EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
- ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Tunisia". history.state.gov. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Tunisia". china.org.cn. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Iran, Tunisia sign deal on transportation cooperation". People's Daily Online. May 16, 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06.
- ^ "Tunisia, Lebanon delagations hold working sessions" www.tunisiaonlinenews.com - June 26, 2010.
- ^ Pakistan Quarterly - Volume 7. Pakistan Publications. 1957. p. 63.
- ^ Youssef Cherif (7 September 2017). "Everyone is taking sides in the Qatar crisis. Here's why these four North African states aren't". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ Youssef Cherif (17 January 2017). "Tunisia's Fledgling Gulf Relations". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ "Tunisia-Saudi Arabia: Non-double taxation agreement signed" www.zawya.com - July 8, 2010.
- ^ "Tunisia-Syria boost bilateral co-operation" www.tunisiaonlinenews.com - May 14, 2010.
- ^ Damien McElroy "Britain under pressure to withdraw diplomatic recognition of Syria" Daily Telegraph 5 Feb 2012
- ^ "Tunisia's new president sworn in after surprise election win". France24. 23 October 2019.
- ^ "Tunisian president decides to strengthen diplomatic ties with Syria". Reuters. 9 February 2023.
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Tunisia". Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
- ^ "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti T.C. Tunus Büyükelçiliği". Archived from the original on 2017-08-23. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
- ^ "Turkey-Tunisia Economic and Trade Relations". Archived from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Tunis". Archived from the original on 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
- ^ "Danish embassy in Algiers, also accredited to Tunisia (in Danish and French only)". Archived from the original on 2010-04-20. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
- ^ "Finland and Tunisia". finlandabroad.fi. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ Chronologie Internationale (in French). France. Direction de la documentation. 1956. p. 43.
- ^ "Romanian embassy in Tunis (in French and Romanian only)". Archived from the original on 2009-09-19. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ "British Embassy Tunis". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Murrison, Andrew; Burns, Conor (4 October 2019). "UK and Tunisia sign continuity agreement". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
- ^ "Tunisia - United Kingdom BIT (1989)". UN Trade and Development. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Australia's relations with Tunisia. Australian foreign affairs record.Vol. 48 No. 2 (February 1977). p. 52. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "De nouveaux ambassadeurs accrédités à Tunis". La Presse de Tunisie (in French). 12 July 2012. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Diplomatic representation from the US". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2007-06-13.