List of current cardinals
Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]
Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinal electors can take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinals;[3] as of 2023[update] there had never been more at the time of a conclave, though it has happened frequently at other times. Cardinals may be created in pectore ('in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]
As of 25 November 2024,[update] there are 232 cardinals, 120 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 30 September 2023, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 18 cardinal electors.[5] A consistory is scheduled for 7 December 2024 to create 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors.[6][7][8] Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 10 October 2024; Oswald Gracias will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 24 December 2024. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot on 25 November 2024, at the age of 72.[9]
Cardinals
[edit]The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]
- Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope,[a] plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order,[12][13] as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.[11][14] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope, are the dean and the vice dean,[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is Pietro Parolin.[b]
- Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to the order.[15] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[b]
- Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop. They have the choice (Latin: optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][16] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors while the junior cardinal deacon among the electors is Ángel Fernández Artime.[b]
For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in charge of dioceses are classified under the country where their diocese is located, although they may be citizens of a different country.
* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
Cardinals to be created on 7 December 2024
[edit]On 6 October 2024, Pope Francis announced that 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors, would be created in a consistory to be held on 8 December 2024.[254] The date of the consistory was changed to 7 December 2024 on 12 October 2024.[7] On 22 October 2024 the Holy See Press Office announced that Pope Francis has accepted the request of Paskalis Bruno Syukur, Bishop of Bogor in Indonesia, not to be created a cardinal.[8] The orders to which the appointees will belong have not been announced; they are listed here in the order they were announced.[254]
Demographics of the College of Cardinals
[edit]At present, 120 of 232 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority,[3][255] if all 120 cardinal electors were to participate, would be 80.
Cardinals by appointing Pope
[edit]This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.
| Pope | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name | CB | CP | CD | Total | CB | CP | CD | Total |
| 264 | John Paul II (1978–2005) |
5 | 36 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 265 | Benedict XVI (2005–2013) |
4 | 59 | 0 | 63 | 2 | 22 | 0 | 24 |
| 266 | Francis (2013–present) |
3 | 95 | 30 | 128 | 2 | 70 | 18 | 90 |
| Total | 12 | 190 | 30 | 232 | 4 | 98 | 18 | 120 | |
Cardinals by particular church sui iuris
[edit]While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:
- Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite Church)
- Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), cardinal elector
- George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Church), cardinal elector
- Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Church)
- Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara Church), cardinal elector
- Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), cardinal elector
| Particular church sui iuris | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latin Church (Western) | 226 | 116 | |
| Eastern Churches | Chaldean Church | 1 | 1 |
| Ethiopian Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Maronite Church | 1 | 0 | |
| Romanian Greek Church | 1 | 0 | |
| Syro-Malabar Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Syro-Malankara Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 6 | 4 | |
| Total | 232 | 120 | |
Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life
[edit]At present, there are 58 cardinals, including 27 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 27 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. Common names for members, if different, are given in brackets in this table.
Cardinals by continent
[edit]For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.[256] Statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2021 edition[update] of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church).[257]
| Continent | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | Percentage of global Catholic population (2021) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | ||
| Africa | 27 | 11.6% | 16 | 13.3% | 19% |
| North America | 35 | 15.1% | 19 | 15.8% | 21% |
| South America | 27 | 11.6% | 13 | 10.8% | 27% |
| Asia | 33 | 14.2% | 21 | 17.5% | 11% |
| Europe | 107 | 46.6% | 48 | 40.8% | 21% |
| Oceania | 3 | 1.3% | 3 | 2.5% | 1% |
| Total | 232 | 100.0% | 120 | 100.0% | 100% |
Cardinals by country
[edit]At present, 89 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 65 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (forty-seven), the United States (seventeen), and Spain (thirteen). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (thirteen), the United States (ten), and Spain and Brazil (six).
See also
[edit]- Cardinals created by John Paul II
- Cardinals created by Benedict XVI
- Cardinals created by Francis
- Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave
- Council of Cardinals
- List of creations of cardinals
- Suburbicarian diocese
- Titular church (List of titular churches)
Notes
[edit]- ^ The dean of the College of Cardinals holds the title of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original one when first appointed a cardinal bishop.[1][10][11]
- ^ a b c Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
- ^ Schönborn was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He moved to Austria as a child, and has served as a bishop there since 1991.
- ^ Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
- ^ a b c d Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
- ^ Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
- ^ The Holy See's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, though for many years it said he was "born in 1944"[87] and used 31 December 1944 as his birthdate on its list of cardinal electors.[88] The change occurred sometime after 5 January 2024.[89]
- ^ Ezzati was born in Italy. He emigrated to Chile as a young man and was ordained and served as a bishop there from 1996 to 2019.
- ^ Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain. He served as a bishop in Panama from 1985 to 2024.
- ^ Lopez was born in Spain. He has served as a bishop in Morocco since 2017.
- ^ Aós Braco was born in Spain. He served as a bishop in Chile from 2014 to 2023.
- ^ Marengo was born in Italy. He has served as apostolic prefect in Mongolia since 2020.
- ^ a b The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem in East Jerusalem, is multi-national, encompassing Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. The Holy See, in its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, lists "Jerusalem" as Pizzaballa's country.[258] He was born in Italy. He has served as apostolic administrator and patriarch in the Custody of the Holy Land since 2016.
- ^ Bustillo was born in Spain. He has served as a bishop in France since 2021.
- ^ Farrell was born in Ireland. He was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
- ^ a b c Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
- ^ Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector.[227][228]
- ^ Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He moved to Canada as a child, and has served there and in the Roman Curia.
- ^ Vesco was born in France. He has served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
- ^ Mathieu was born in Belgium. He has served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
- ^ Bychok was born in Ukraine. He has served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.
- ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002[17]
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
- ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
- ^ a b Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
- ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
- ^ a b c d Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
- ^ a b c d e f g h Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022
- ^ a b c Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 July 2024
References
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- ^ Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ a b c d Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Vatican Publishing House. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ Boudinhon, Auguste (1913). . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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- ^ "Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescritto del Santo Padre Francesco con cui ha deciso di cooptare nell'Ordine dei Vescovi, equiparandolo in tutto ai Cardinali insigniti del titolo di una Chiesa suburbicaria, l'Em.mo Cardinale Luis Antonio G. Tagle" [Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescript of the Holy Father Francis, by which he decides to co-opt into the Order of Bishops His Eminence Cardinal Luis Antonio G. Tagle, equating him in all respects to the Cardinals who have been awarded the title of a suburbicarian Church]. Holy See Press Office (in Italian). 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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- ^ "Ouédraogo Card. Philippe Nakellentuba". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
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- ^ "Zerbo Card. Jean". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Omella Card. Juan José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Arborelius Card. Anders, OCD". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Mangkhanekhoun Card. Louis-Marie Ling, I.V.D." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Rosa Chávez Card. Gregorio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "De Donatis Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Coutts Card. Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Marto Card. António Augusto dos Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Barreto Jimeno Card. Pedro Ricardo, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Tsarahazana Card. Désiré". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Petrocchi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Maeda Card. Thomas Aquino Manyo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Porco Ticona Card. Toribio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Card. Ignatius". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "García Rodríguez Card. Juan de la Caridad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Ambongo Besungu Card. Fridolin, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Hollerich Card. Jean-Claude, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Ramazzini Imeri Card. Álvaro Leonel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Zuppi Card. Matteo Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "López Romero Card. Cristóbal, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Tamkevičius Card. Sigitas, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "Kambanda Card. Antoine". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Gregory Card. Wilton Daniel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Advincula Card. Jose Fuerte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Aós Braco Card. Celestino, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Lojudice Card. Augusto Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Arizmendi Esquivel Card. Felipe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Aveline Card. Jean-Marc". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Okpaleke Card. Peter Ebere". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Steiner Card. Leonardo Ulrich, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Ferrão Card. Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "McElroy Card. Robert Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "do Carmo da Silva Card. Virgilio, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Cantoni Card. Oscar". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Poola Card. Anthony". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Costa Card. Paulo Ceza". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Goh Card. William Seng Chye". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Martínez Flores Card. Adalberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Marengo Card. Giorgio, I.M.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Jiménez Carvajal Card. Jorge Enrique, C.I.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Miglio Card. Arrigo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Pizzaballa Card. Pierbattista, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Brislin Card. Stephen". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Rossi Card. Ángel Sixto, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Rueda Aparicio Card. Luis José". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Ryś Card. Grzegorz". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Mulla Card. Stephen Ameyu Martin". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Cobo Cano Card. José". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Rugambwa Card. Protase". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Francis Card. Sebastian". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Chow Sau-yan Card. Stephen, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Bustsillo Card. François-Xavier, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Aguiar Alves Card. Américo Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Padrón Sánchez Card. Diego Rafael". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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- ^ "Zenari Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Farrell Card. Kevin Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
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- ^ "Roche Card. Arthur". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "You Heung-sik Card. Lazzaro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Vérgez Alzaga Card. Fernando, L.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
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- ^ "Prevost Card. Robert Francis, OSA". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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- ^ "Pierre Card. Christophe Louis Yves Georges". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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- ^ "Marchetto Card. Agostino". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Dri Card. Luis Pascual, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Announcement of Consistory on 8 December for the creation of new Cardinals, 06.10.2024" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 6 October 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ Pope Benedict XVI (11 June 2007). "De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis". The Holy See (Motu proprio) (in Latin). Vatican Publishing House. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
- ^ "Methodology". United Nations Statistics Division. Geographic Regions. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "Pubblicati l'Annuario Pontificio 2023 e l'Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2021". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). 3 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ^ "Composition of Cardinals according to geographical region". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Cardinals at Wikimedia Commons- Holy See Press Office, The College of Cardinals
- GCatholic.org, College of Cardinals
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