Demographics of Denmark
Demographics of Denmark | |
---|---|
![]() Population pyramid of Denmark in 2020 | |
Population | 5,972,420 (2024 1 July est.) |
Growth rate | 1.0085% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 9.85 births/1,000 population |
Death rate | 10.02 deaths/1,000 population |
Life expectancy | 81.66 years |
• male | 79.74 years |
• female | 83.71 years |
Fertility rate | 1.55 children born/woman (2022)[1] |
Infant mortality rate | 3.04 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | 2.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 16.42% |
65 and over | 19.91% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.07 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.7 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Dane |
Major ethnic | Danish |
Language | |
Spoken | Danish |
Demographic features of the population of Denmark proper, part of the Danish Realm, include ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects.
Population
[edit]Since 1980, the number of people of Danish descent, defined as having at least one parent who was born in Denmark and has Danish citizenship, has remained constant at around 5 million in Denmark, and nearly all the population growth from 5.1 up to the 2018 total of 5.8 million was due to immigration.[2]
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[3] Population numbers until 2100 will be increasing.[4]
- One birth every 8 minutes
- One death every 9 minutes
- One net migrant every 34 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 24 minutes
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Population_development_of_Denmark.svg/400px-Population_development_of_Denmark.svg.png)
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1870 | 1,784,741 | — |
1880 | 1,969,039 | +0.99% |
1890 | 2,172,380 | +0.99% |
1901 | 2,449,540 | +1.10% |
1911 | 2,747,076 | +1.15% |
1921 | 3,267,831 | +1.75% |
1930 | 3,550,656 | +0.93% |
1940 | 3,844,312 | +0.80% |
1950 | 4,281,275 | +1.08% |
1960 | 4,585,256 | +0.69% |
1970 | 4,937,579 | +0.74% |
1980 | 5,122,065 | +0.37% |
1990 | 5,135,409 | +0.03% |
2000 | 5,330,020 | +0.37% |
2010 | 5,534,738 | +0.38% |
2020 | 5,822,863 | +0.51% |
Source: Statistics Denmark 2020 estimate[5] |
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year[7] | Population |
---|---|
1769 | 797,584 |
1787 | 841,806 |
1801 | 929,001 |
1834 | 1,230,964 |
1840 | 1,289,075 |
1845 | 1,356,877 |
1850 | 1,414,648 |
1855 | 1,507,222 |
1860 | 1,608,362 |
1870 | 1,784,741 |
1880 | 1,969,039 |
1890 | 2,172,380 |
1901 | 2,449,540 |
1906 | 2,588,919 |
1911 | 2,757,076 |
1916 | 2,921,362 |
1921 | 3,267,831 |
1925 | 3,434,555 |
1930 | 3,550,656 |
1935 | 3,706,349 |
1940 | 3,844,312 |
1945 | 4,045,232 |
1950 | 4,281,275 |
1955 | 4,448,401 |
1960 | 4,585,256 |
1965 | 4,767,597 |
1970 | 4,937,579 |
1971 | 4,950,598 |
1972 | 4,975,653 |
1973 | 5,007,538 |
1974 | 5,036,184 |
1975 | 5,054,410 |
Fertility
[edit]The natural growth of the population (births minus deaths) was negative in 2022, that is, minus 1005 people. The previous last year there was a negative natural increase in the population was in 1988. During 2022, 58,430 children were born, 5,043 fewer than in 2021. In 2022, 59,435 people died, there were 2,283, or 4.0% more than in 2021. The total population in the age group 80 and over grew by 12,844 people, or 4.4%., from 2022 to 2023.[8]
During 2022, the Danish population grew by 59,234 people, so the population on January 1, 2023, consisted of 5,932,654 people. It was a population increase of 1.0 percent, which is higher than in 2021, when the population increase was 0.6 percent.[8]
In 2022, it is the first time in history that immigrant women from non-Western countries now have fewer children on average than women of Danish roots in Denmark. On average, immigrant women have 1.76 children, the descendants have an average of 1.75 children, while women of Danish roots have 1.78 children.[9] This is because Ukrainians, who are categorized as non-Western, have come to Denmark in large numbers.
In the same year, immigrant women from Syria had the highest TFR in Denmark, they give birth to an average of 3.7 children. They are followed by women from Somalia and Pakistan, 2020 figures show.[9]
Denmark had a total fertility rate of 1.55 children per woman in 2022.[10]
In 2021 the number of childless women aged 50 was the highest in seven years; 12.3 percent of women aged 50 have never had a child, while 19.5 percent of 50 year old men do not have children.[11]
Historical fertility rates
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Total_fertility_rate_of_Denmark_overtime_to_2016.svg/350px-Total_fertility_rate_of_Denmark_overtime_to_2016.svg.png)
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[12]
Year | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860[12] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Denmark | 4.24 | 4.06 | 4.48 | 4.27 | 4.41 | 4.31 | 4.37 | 4.44 | 4.48 | 4.53 | 4.4 |
Year | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[12] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Denmark | 4.27 | 4.17 | 4.17 | 4.06 | 4.21 | 4.32 | 4.09 | 4.18 | 3.96 | 4.1 |
Year | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[12] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Denmark | 4.06 | 4.09 | 4.16 | 4.17 | 4.31 | 4.4 | 4.36 | 4.27 | 4.3 | 4.28 |
Year | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[12] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Denmark | 4.34 | 4.36 | 4.29 | 4.5 | 4.39 | 4.37 | 4.28 | 4.25 | 4.21 | 4.11 |
Year | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899[12] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total fertility rate in Denmark | 4.18 | 4 | 4.16 | 4.1 | 4.09 | 4.11 | 4.02 | 4.08 | 4.01 |
Total fertility rate
1.78 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 152nd
Average age of the mother at her first birth
[edit]In 2021 the average age of the mother at her first birth in Denmark was of 29.8 years, and the father is of 31.5 years.[11]
Life expectancy
[edit]Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations.
1775–1950
Years | 1775 | 1835 | 1836 | 1837 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840 | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 33.0 | 38.4 | 40.0 | 41.5 | 43.1 | 41.9 | 41.1 | 42.6 | 42.5 | 43.9 | 44.0 | 43.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.8 | 39.5 | 43.5 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Life_expectancy_in_Denmark.svg/300px-Life_expectancy_in_Denmark.svg.png)
Years | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 44.5 | 43.0 | 38.5 | 44.7 | 46.1 | 46.7 | 42.5 | 40.0 | 44.4 | 45.1 |
Years | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 47.6 | 47.6 | 47.2 | 40.2 | 39.8 | 42.9 | 44.9 | 45.6 | 46.1 | 46.0 |
Years | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 46.1 | 47.2 | 47.5 | 46.0 | 44.4 | 45.8 | 47.3 | 47.5 | 46.2 | 44.8 |
Years | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 48.3 | 46.7 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 49.6 | 49.0 | 48.7 | 46.7 | 47.8 | 47.2 |
Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 46.8 | 47.4 | 47.1 | 49.4 | 50.8 | 52.9 | 51.8 | 53.1 | 50.6 | 51.9 |
Years | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 52.6 | 54.7 | 54.8 | 55.7 | 54.3 | 56.5 | 56.1 | 54.9 | 57.4 | 58.0 |
Years | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 57.0 | 58.0 | 58.9 | 58.5 | 58.4 | 56.9 | 57.3 | 56.3 | 57.0 | 57.6 |
Years | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 61.7 | 60.6 | 61.2 | 61.1 | 61.9 | 61.7 | 61.2 | 61.9 | 61.9 | 62.3 |
Years | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 61.8 | 62.7 | 63.6 | 64.1 | 62.9 | 63.5 | 64.0 | 65.0 | 65.8 | 66.3 |
Years | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950[13] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy in Denmark | 66.0 | 67.1 | 67.4 | 66.4 | 66.1 | 67.2 | 68.5 | 70.1 | 70.1 | 70.3 |
1950–2015
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Denmark_-diff.png/300px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Denmark_-diff.png)
Period[14] | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 71.1 | 1985–1990 | 74.8 |
1955–1960 | 72.1 | 1990–1995 | 75.2 |
1960–1965 | 72.4 | 1995–2000 | 76.1 |
1965–1970 | 72.9 | 2000–2005 | 77.3 |
1970–1975 | 73.6 | 2005–2010 | 78.6 |
1975–1980 | 74.2 | 2010–2015 | 80.2 |
1980–1985 | 74.4 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Denmark_population_pyramid_from_1950_to_2020.gif/300px-Denmark_population_pyramid_from_1950_to_2020.gif)
Age structure
[edit]- 0-14 years: 16.57% (male 493,829 /female 468,548)
- 15-24 years: 12.67% (male 377,094 /female 358,807)
- 25-54 years: 39.03% (male 1,147,196 /female 1,119,967)
- 55-64 years: 12.33% (male 356,860 /female 359,264)
- 65 years and over: 19.42% (male 518,200 /female 609,737) (2018 est.)
- Median age
- total: 41.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 35th
- male: 40.8 years
- female: 42.9 years (2018 est.)
Ethnic and origin groups
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Percentage_of_Dane%27s_of_Danish_background_in_2021_regionally.svg/250px-Percentage_of_Dane%27s_of_Danish_background_in_2021_regionally.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Danish_origin_from_1980_to_2020_population_pyramid.gif/295px-Danish_origin_from_1980_to_2020_population_pyramid.gif)
Non-indigenous ethnic minorities include:
- Afghans
- Inuit (Greenlandic) from the territory of Greenland
- Turks (including Gagauz)
- Arabs (i.e. Palestinians, followed by Moroccans, Syrians, Lebanese, Yemenis, Egyptians, Iraqis and Jordanians)
- Vietnamese
- Thai
- Jews
- Chinese
- Pakistanis (including Pashtuns)
- Iranians (including Kurds and Lurs)
- Somalis
- Ethiopians
- Sudanese
- Indians
- Chileans (the most numerous of Latin American nationalities)
- Bosniaks
- Poles
- Albanians
- Bangladeshis
- Roma
- Filipinos
Historic minorities
[edit]Ethnic minorities in Denmark include a handful of groups:
- Approximately 15,000 people[15] in Denmark belong to a German minority traditionally referred to as tysksindet meaning "German-minded" in Danish, and as Nordschleswiger in German. This minority of Germans hold Danish citizenship and self-identify as Germans. Many of them speak German or Low German as their home language. There are also several thousand German citizens and other ethnic Germans residing in Denmark with no historical connection to this group.
- An estimated 23,000 people[16] in Denmark proper are ethnic Faroese, while 19,000 Greenlanders reside permanently in Denmark.[17] Many of these use the Faroese and Greenlandic languages, respectively, as their first language. All residents of the Kingdom (viz. Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland) holds Danish citizenship, unless they inherit or otherwise receive a foreign citizenship.
- The Danish Jews number around 6,000 in 2020 according to the organisation Jewish Community in Denmark, around 1,700 being card-carrying members of the organisation.[18]
- There are close to 10,000 Roma in Denmark.[19]
Modern minorities
[edit]A person has Danish origin if he or she has at least one parent who is both a Danish citizen and born in Denmark. Neither immigrants nor descendants have one parent who is both a Danish citizen and born in Denmark. The difference between immigrants and descendants is that immigrants were born abroad, while descendants were born in Denmark.
For asylum seekers and other persons applying for a residence permit in Denmark, there is no unambiguous connection between the time of a granted residence permit and immigration for the person who has been granted the residence permit. The number of residence permits granted in a quarter cannot be interpreted as the quarter's immigration. Citizens of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden do not need a residence permit to live, work or study in Denmark.
Statistics Denmark [3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Population_pyramid_of_Denmark_by_origin_group_in_2023.svg/250px-Population_pyramid_of_Denmark_by_origin_group_in_2023.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Danish_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_in_2023.svg/250px-Danish_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_in_2023.svg.png)
In the modern minorities, Statistics Denmark counts first-generation immigrants, second-generation (Descendants in Danish statistics classification) and third-generation (Children of descendants in Danish classification). Children of descendants can be either of "Danish origin" (if both of their parents were born in Denmark with Danish citizenship) and of "foreign origin" (if one of their parents is a second-generation immigrant and another first-generation). Therefore, this table included all people of the respective background, people who are classified as of "foreign background" and third-generation immigrants, who classified as of "Danish origin".[20] Statistics Denmark denotes an immigrant's group based on their country of birth, it does this usually off of the immigrant or descendents parents, if only one such parent is known, then the group is determined by that or if no parents are known then it is assumed if the person is an immigrant that their country of origin is their country of birth.[20]
Statistics Denmark also has specific classification bands which it uses to separate different immigrant groups. As an example, for 'Western' immigrants and 'Non-western', the classification band is as follows:
- Western countries: All 28 EU countries and Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican State, Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand.
- Non-western countries; All other countries.
According to 2021 figures from Statistics Denmark, 86%[21][22] of Denmark's population of over 5,840,045 was of Danish descent.[23][21] The remaining 14% were of a foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were Turkey, Poland, Germany, Iraq, Romania, Syria, Somalia, Iran, Afghanistan, and Yugoslavia and its successor states.[citation needed] More than 817,438 individuals (14%)[21][22] are migrants and their descendants (199,668 second generation migrants born in Denmark[22]).
Of these 817,438[21] immigrants and their descendants:
- 294,798 (36.1%)[22] have a Western background (Norway, Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina, UK, Poland, Romania and Iceland; definition: EU countries, non-EU Nordic countries, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican State, Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand).
- 522,640 (63.9%)[22] have a non-Western background (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Thailand and Somalia; all other countries).
There were 121,183 immigrants in 2022, of these 31,381 were Ukrainian citizens, people with Ukrainian citizenship accounted for 26 percent of all immigration.[8] The total population of Denmark increased in 2022 by 59,234 people, and the net immigration of Ukrainian people amounted to 45 percent of this population growth.[8]
Rank | Country of origin[24] | Population (2008) | Population (2021)[25] | Population (2023) | Population (2024) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | ![]() |
59,960 | 75,072 | 77,845 | 79,373 |
2. | ![]() ![]() |
21,118 | 49,369 | 55,122 | 57,070 |
3. | ![]() ![]() |
3,681 | 34,997 | 44,221 | 46,036 |
4. | ![]() |
3,367 | 44,326 | 45,000 | 45,641 |
5. | ![]() |
5,105 | 15,595 | 42,482 | 44,825 |
6. | ![]() ![]() |
28,412 | 35,141 | 39,528 | 41,516 |
7. | ![]() |
28,417 | 34,217 | 35,101 | 35,476 |
8. | ![]() |
21,217 | 31,175 | 32,246 | 33,050 |
9. | ![]() |
23,343 | 30,435 | 31,700 | 32,269 |
10. | ![]() |
14,773 | 22,408 | 24,364 | 26,276 |
11. | ![]() |
21,861 | 23,449 | 23,625 | 23,659 |
12. | ![]() |
11,880 | 19,957 | 21,380 | 21,784 |
13. | ![]() |
16,561 | 21,338 | 21,486 | 21,653 |
14. | ![]() |
5,666 | 15,595 | 19,296 | 21,268 |
15. | ![]() |
12,593 | 17,651 | 18,190 | 18,442 |
16. | ![]() ![]() |
14,789 | 17,095 | 17,726 | 17,999 |
17. | ![]() |
15,747 | 17,481 | 17,691 | 17,735 |
18. | ![]() |
13,459 | 16,307 | 16,906 | 17,448 |
19. | ![]() |
8,574 | 14,841 | 15,836 | 16,549 |
20. | ![]() ![]() |
3,646 | 15,231 | 16,439 | 16,357 |
21. | former ![]() |
18,151 | 15,903 | 15,356 | 15,016 |
22. | ![]() |
8,280 | 13,166 | 13,693 | 14,029 |
23. | ![]() |
9,808 | 13,170 | 13,708 | 13,937 |
24. | ![]() ![]() |
1,194 | – | 13,503 | 13,840 |
25. | ![]() |
7,199 | – | 12,760 | 13,098 |
26. | ![]() |
10,494 | – | 12,692 | 12,996 |
27. | ![]() ![]() |
3,994 | – | 11,684 | 12,313 |
28. | ![]() |
7,151 | – | 10,786 | 11,293 |
29. | ![]() |
4,389 | – | 9,517 | 9,946 |
30. | ![]() |
8,421 | – | 9,513 | 9,765 |
Population groups | Year | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981[26] | 1991[26] | 2001[26] | 2011[26] | 2021[26] | ||||||
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
![]() |
4,968,337 | 96.96% | 4,920,267 | 95.6% | 4,953,265 | 92.59% | 4,998,111 | 89.88% | 5,022,607 | 86% |
Immigrants | 136,229 | 2.65% | 189,649 | 3.68% | 308,674 | 5.77% | 428,904 | 7.71% | 617,770 | 10.57% |
![]() |
59,808 | 1.16% | 61,279 | 1.19% | 74,565 | 1.39% | 124,092 | 2.23% | 205,731 | 3.52% |
Europe outside EU-27 | 45,148 | 0.88% | 55,797 | 1.08% | 98,042 | 1.83% | 116,300 | 2.09% | 131,189 | 2.24% |
Africa | 5,033 | – | 9,710 | 0.18% | 28,190 | 0.52% | 33,135 | 0.59% | 46,376 | 0.79% |
North America | 6,312 | – | 6,525 | – | 7,008 | – | 9,068 | 0.16% | 10,890 | 0.18% |
South and Central America | 2,987 | – | 4,263 | – | 6,248 | – | 9,826 | 0.17% | 17,430 | 0.29% |
Asia | 16,200 | 0.31% | 50,556 | 0.98% | 91,731 | 1.71% | 133,261 | 2.39% | 202,625 | 3.46% |
Oceania | 571 | – | 811 | – | 1,314 | – | 2,277 | – | 2,905 | – |
Stateless | 9 | – | 373 | – | 367 | – | 480 | – | 352 | – |
Unknown | 170 | – | 335 | – | 1,209 | – | 465 | – | 272 | – |
Descendants | 19,423 | 0.37% | 36,553 | 0.71% | 87,273 | 1.63% | 133,613 | 2.40% | 199,668 | 3.41% |
![]() |
6,763 | 0.13% | 6,949 | 0.13% | 9,679 | 0.18% | 13,097 | 0.23% | 28,273 | 0.48% |
Europe outside EU-27 | 6,831 | 0.13% | 15,302 | 0.29% | 32,237 | 0.60% | 46,291 | 0.83% | 59,309 | 1.01% |
Africa | 895 | – | 2,414 | – | 10,258 | 0.19% | 16,608 | 0.29% | 25,188 | 0.43% |
North America | 985 | – | 926 | – | 1,004 | – | 929 | – | 1,029 | – |
South and Central America | 275 | – | 363 | – | 605 | – | 902 | – | 1,571 | – |
Asia | 3,535 | – | 10,420 | 0.20% | 33,045 | 0.61% | 55,260 | 0.99% | 83,815 | 1.43% |
Oceania | 93 | – | 88 | – | 129 | – | 149 | – | 196 | – |
Stateless | 29 | – | 56 | – | 109 | – | 237 | – | 154 | – |
Unknown | 17 | – | 35 | – | 207 | – | 140 | – | 133 | – |
Total | 5,123,989 | 100% | 5,146,469 | 100% | 5,349,212 | 100% | 5,560,628 | 100% | 5,840,045 | 100% |
- Population pyramids of selected origin groups in 2023
-
Persons of Danish origin
-
Western immigrant
-
Non-Western immigrant
-
Western descendant
-
Non-Western descendant
Vital statistics
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Norden_pop_density.gif/220px-Norden_pop_density.gif)
Data according to Statistics Denmark, which collects the official statistics for Denmark.[27]
Average population (January 1) | Live births | Deaths | Nat. change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Nat. change (per 1000) | Crude migration change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate[fn 2] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 2,432,000 | 72,129 | 40,891 | 31,238 | 29.7 | 16.8 | 12.8 | -6.6 | 4.16 |
1901 | 2,447,000 [28] | 73,219 | 38,786 | 34,425 | 29.7 | 15.7 | 14.0 | -1.7 | 4.14 |
1902 | 2,477,000 | 72,839 | 36,424 | 36,391 | 29.2 | 14.6 | 14.6 | -2.9 | 4.05 |
1903 | 2,506,000 | 72,351 | 36,956 | 35,403 | 28.7 | 14.6 | 14.0 | -3.6 | 3.96 |
1904 | 2,532,000 | 73,692 | 35,903 | 37,788 | 28.9 | 14.1 | 14.8 | -3.7 | 3.97 |
1905 | 2,560,000 | 73,082 | 38,598 | 34,484 | 28.4 | 15.0 | 13.4 | -2.1 | 3.87 |
1906 | 2,589,000 | 74,217 | 35,231 | 38,986 | 28.5 | 13.5 | 15 | -2.6 | 3.87 |
1907 | 2,621,000 | 74,324 | 37,275 | 37,049 | 28.2 | 14.1 | 14.1 | -2.3 | 3.81 |
1908 | 2,652,000 | 76,233 | 39,072 | 37,161 | 28.6 | 14.6 | 13.9 | -0.7 | 3.83 |
1909 | 2,687,000 | 76,301 | 35,837 | 40,464 | 28.2 | 13.3 | 15.0 | -2.0 | 3.78 |
1910 | 2,722,000 | 75,299 | 35,184 | 40,013 | 27.5 | 12.9 | 14.6 | -1.7 | 3.67 |
1911 | 2,757,000 | 73,933 | 37,236 | 36,697 | 26.7 | 13.4 | 13.2 | -2.0 | 3.60 |
1912 | 2,788,000 | 74,659 | 36,486 | 38,173 | 26.6 | 13.0 | 13.6 | -2.1 | 3.58 |
1913 | 2,820,000 | 72,475 | 35,364 | 37,111 | 25.6 | 12.5 | 13.1 | -2.1 | 3.43 |
1914 | 2,851,000 | 73,294 | 35,921 | 37,373 | 25.6 | 12.5 | 13.0 | -0.7 | 3.42 |
1915 | 2,886,000 | 70,192 | 37,174 | 33,018 | 24.2 | 12.8 | 11.4 | 0.7 | 3.23 |
1916 | 2,921,000 | 71,559 | 39,265 | 32,294 | 24.4 | 13.4 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 3.23 |
1917 | 2,958,000 | 70,306 | 39,224 | 31,082 | 23.7 | 13.2 | 10.5 | 0.7 | 3.11 |
1918 | 2,991,000 | 72,505 | 39,038 | 33,467 | 24.1 | 13.0 | 11.1 | 0.9 | 3.16 |
1919 | 3,027,000 | 68,722 | 39,590 | 29,132 | 22.6 | 13.0 | 9.6 | 1.6 | 2.96 |
1920 | 3,061,000 | 78,230 | 39,841 | 38,389 | 25.4 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 54.1 | 3.29 |
1921 | 3,265,000 | 78,815 | 36,215 | 42,600 | 24.0 | 11.0 | 13.0 | -0.4 | 3.11 |
1922 | 3,306,000 | 73,899 | 39,452 | 34,435 | 22.3 | 11.9 | 10.4 | -0.1 | 2.87 |
1923 | 3,340,000 | 74,827 | 37,903 | 36,924 | 22.3 | 11.3 | 11.0 | -1.1 | 2.85 |
1924 | 3,373,000 | 73,836 | 38,091 | 35,778 | 21.8 | 11.2 | 10.6 | -0.8 | 2.78 |
1925 | 3,406,000 | 71,897 | 37,083 | 34,814 | 21.0 | 10.8 | 10.2 | -0.5 | 2.66 |
1926 | 3,439,000 | 70,734 | 38,093 | 32,641 | 20.5 | 11.0 | 9.5 | -1.4 | 2.58 |
1927 | 3,467,000 | 68,024 | 40,190 | 27,834 | 19.6 | 11.6 | 8.0 | -2.2 | 2.44 |
1928 | 3,487,000 | 68,516 | 38,484 | 30,032 | 19.6 | 11.0 | 8.6 | -1.7 | 2.43 |
1929 | 3,511,000 | 65,297 | 39,486 | 25,913 | 18.6 | 11.2 | 7.4 | -1.7 | 2.30 |
1930 | 3,531,000 | 66,303 | 38,174 | 28,129 | 18.7 | 10.8 | 7.9 | -0.5 | 2.29 |
1931 | 3,557,000 | 64,266 | 40,578 | 23,688 | 18.0 | 11.4 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 2.20 |
1932 | 3,590,000 | 64,650 | 39,701 | 24,949 | 17.9 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 2.17 |
1933 | 3,620,000 | 62,780 | 38,287 | 24,493 | 17.3 | 10.5 | 6.7 | 1.9 | 2.10 |
1934 | 3,651,000 | 65,116 | 38,050 | 27,066 | 17.8 | 10.4 | 7.4 | 1.4 | 2.15 |
1935 | 3,683,000 | 65,223 | 40,816 | 24,407 | 17.7 | 11.0 | 6.6 | 1.0 | 2.12 |
1936 | 3,711,000 | 66,418 | 40,919 | 25,499 | 17.8 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 0.4 | 2.14 |
1937 | 3,738,000 | 67,440 | 40,442 | 26,998 | 18.0 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 0 | 2.16 |
1938 | 3,765,000 | 68,463 | 39,058 | 29,407 | 18.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | -0.1 | 2.18 |
1939 | 3,794,000 | 67,914 | 38,535 | 29,379 | 17.8 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 0.7 | 2.16 |
1940 | 3,826,000 | 70,121 | 39,730 | 30,391 | 18.3 | 10.4 | 7.9 | -1.9 | 2.22 |
1941 | 3,849,000 | 71,306 | 39,756 | 31,550 | 18.5 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 2.24 |
1942 | 3,882,000 | 79,545 | 37,527 | 42,018 | 20.4 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 2.50 |
1943 | 3,926,000 | 84,319 | 37,982 | 46,337 | 21.4 | 9.6 | 11.7 | 0.3 | 2.65 |
1944 | 3,973,000 | 90,641 | 41,087 | 49,554 | 22.7 | 10.3 | 12.4 | 0.2 | 2.84 |
1945 | 4,023,000 | 95,062 | 42,298 | 52,764 | 23.5 | 10.5 | 13.0 | -0.1 | 2.98 |
1946 | 4,075,000 | 96,111 | 42,013 | 54,098 | 23.4 | 10.2 | 13.2 | -1.2 | 3.02 |
1947 | 4,124,000 | 91,714 | 40,043 | 51,671 | 22.1 | 9.7 | 12.5 | -1.8 | 2.90 |
1948 | 4,168,000 | 84,938 | 35,981 | 48,957 | 20.3 | 8.6 | 11.7 | -1.4 | 2.71 |
1949 | 4,211,000 | 79,919 | 37,793 | 42,126 | 18.9 | 8.9 | 10.0 | -0.3 | 2.58 |
1950 | 4,252,000 | 79,558 | 39,300 | 40,258 | 18.6 | 9.2 | 9.4 | -1.6 | 2.57 |
1951 | 4,285,000 | 76,559 | 37,960 | 38,599 | 17.8 | 8.8 | 9.0 | -2.0 | 2.50 |
1952 | 4,315,000 | 76,943 | 39,173 | 37,770 | 17.8 | 9.0 | 8.7 | -0.8 | 2.53 |
1953 | 4,349,000 | 78,261 | 39,350 | 38,911 | 17.9 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 0.3 | 2.60 |
1954 | 4,389,000 | 76,365 | 39,885 | 36,480 | 17.3 | 9.1 | 8.3 | -0.3 | 2.55 |
1955 | 4,424,000 | 76,845 | 38,789 | 38,056 | 17.3 | 8.7 | 8.6 | -1.8 | 2.58 |
1956 | 4,454,000 | 76,725 | 39,588 | 37,137 | 17.2 | 8.9 | 8.3 | -2.7 | 2.61 |
1957 | 4,479,000 | 75,264 | 41,730 | 33,534 | 16.8 | 9.3 | 7.5 | -2.6 | 2.57 |
1958 | 4,501,000 | 74,681 | 41,560 | 33,121 | 16.5 | 9.2 | 7.3 | -0.4 | 2.55 |
1959 | 4,532,000 | 73,928 | 42,159 | 31,769 | 16.3 | 9.3 | 7.0 | 0.5 | 2.52 |
1960 | 4,566,000 | 76,077 | 43,681 | 32,396 | 16.6 | 9.5 | 7.1 | -1.0 | 2.57 |
1961 | 4,594,000 | 76,439 | 43,310 | 33,129 | 16.6 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 0.6 | 2.55 |
1962 | 4,630,000 | 77,808 | 45,334 | 32,474 | 16.7 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 0.8 | 2.58 |
1963 | 4,666,000 | 82,413 | 45,773 | 36,640 | 17.6 | 9.8 | 7.8 | 0.1 | 2.64 |
1964 | 4,703,000 | 83,356 | 46,811 | 36,545 | 17.7 | 9.9 | 7.7 | 0.4 | 2.60 |
1965 | 4,741,000 | 85,796 | 47,884 | 37,912 | 18.0 | 10.1 | 8.0 | -0.4 | 2.61 |
1966 | 4,777,000 | 88,332 | 49,344 | 38,988 | 18.4 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 2.62 |
1967 | 4,818,000 | 81,410 | 47,836 | 33,574 | 16.8 | 9.9 | 6.9 | 0.4 | 2.35 |
1968 | 4,853,000 | 74,543 | 47,290 | 27,253 | 15.3 | 9.7 | 5.6 | -0.7 | 2.12 |
1969 | 4,877,000 | 71,298 | 47,943 | 23,355 | 14.6 | 9.8 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 2.00 |
1970 | 4,907,000 | 70,802 | 48,233 | 22,569 | 14.3 | 9.7 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 1.95 |
1971 | 4,951,000 | 75,359 | 48,858 | 26,501 | 15.2 | 9.8 | 5.3 | -0.3 | 2.04 |
1972 | 4,976,000 | 75,505 | 50,445 | 25,060 | 15.1 | 10.1 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 2.03 |
1973 | 5,008,000 | 71,895 | 50,526 | 21,369 | 14.3 | 10.1 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 1.9170 |
1974 | 5,036,000 | 71,327 | 51,637 | 19,690 | 14.1 | 10.2 | 3.9 | -0.3 | 1.8968 |
1975 | 5,054,000 | 72,071 | 50,895 | 21,176 | 14.2 | 10.1 | 4.1 | -1.9 | 1.9188 |
1976 | 5,065,000 | 65,267 | 54,001 | 11,266 | 12.9 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 1.7472 |
1977 | 5,078,000 | 61,878 | 50,485 | 11,393 | 12.2 | 9.9 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.6598 |
1978 | 5,097,000 | 62,036 | 52,864 | 9,172 | 12.2 | 10.4 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.6685 |
1979 | 5,112,000 | 59,464 | 54,654 | 4,810 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.6016 |
1980 | 5,122,000 | 57,293 | 55,939 | 1,354 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.5464 |
1981 | 5,124,000 | 53,089 | 56,359 | -3,270 | 10.4 | 11.0 | -0.6 | -0.4 | 1.4371 |
1982 | 5,119,000 | 52,658 | 55,368 | -2,710 | 10.3 | 10.8 | -0.5 | -0.1 | 1.4273 |
1983 | 5,116,000 | 50,822 | 57,156 | -6,334 | 9.9 | 11.2 | -1.2 | 0.4 | 1.3774 |
1984 | 5,112,000 | 51,800 | 57,109 | -5,309 | 10.1 | 11.2 | -1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4001 |
1985 | 5,111,000 | 53,749 | 58,378 | -4,629 | 10.5 | 11.4 | -0.9 | 1.9 | 1.4472 |
1986 | 5,116,000 | 55,312 | 58,100 | -2,788 | 10.8 | 11.3 | -0.5 | 2.3 | 1.4819 |
1987 | 5,125,000 | 56,221 | 58,136 | -1,915 | 11.0 | 11.3 | -0.4 | 1.2 | 1.4977 |
1988 | 5,129,000 | 58,844 | 58,984 | -127 | 11.5 | 11.5 | -0.0 | 0 | 1.5618 |
1989 | 5,129,000 | 61,351 | 59,397 | 2,047 | 12.0 | 11.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6212 |
1990 | 5,135,000 | 63,433 | 60,926 | 2,545 | 12.3 | 11.9 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.6696 |
1991 | 5,146,000 | 64,358 | 59,581 | 4,777 | 12.5 | 11.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 1.6844 |
1992 | 5,162,000 | 67,726 | 60,821 | 6,905 | 13.1 | 11.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.7648 |
1993 | 5,181,000 | 67,369 | 62,809 | 4,560 | 13.0 | 12.1 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 1.7512 |
1994 | 5,197,000 | 69,666 | 61,099 | 8,567 | 13.4 | 11.7 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.8091 |
1995 | 5,216,000 | 69,771 | 63,127 | 6,644 | 13.3 | 12.1 | 1.3 | 5.4 | 1.8097 |
1996 | 5,251,000 | 67,638 | 61,043 | 6,595 | 12.9 | 11.6 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 1.7535 |
1997 | 5,275,000 | 67,648 | 59,898 | 7,750 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.7562 |
1998 | 5,295,000 | 66,174 | 58,453 | 7,721 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.7252 |
1999 | 5,313,000 | 66,220 | 59,179 | 7,041 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.7383 |
2000 | 5,330,000 | 67,084 | 57,998 | 9,086 | 12.6 | 10.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.7742 |
2001 | 5,349,000 | 65,458 | 58,355 | 7,103 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.7450 |
2002 | 5,368,000 | 64,075 | 58,610 | 5,465 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.7249 |
2003 | 5,384,000 | 64,599 | 57,574 | 7,025 | 12.0 | 10.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.7599 |
2004 | 5,398,000 | 64,609 | 55,086 | 9,523 | 12.0 | 10.2 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.7852 |
2005 | 5,411,000 | 64,282 | 54,962 | 9,320 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.8021 |
2006 | 5,427,000 | 64,984 | 55,477 | 9,507 | 12.0 | 10.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.8476 |
2007 | 5,448,000 | 64,082 | 55,604 | 8,478 | 11.7 | 10.2 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 1.8435 |
2008 | 5,476,000 | 65,038 | 54,591 | 10,447 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 1.8888 |
2009 | 5,511,000 | 62,818 | 54,872 | 7,946 | 11.4 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 1.8396 |
2010 | 5,535,000 | 63,411 | 54,368 | 9,043 | 11.4 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 1.8712 |
2011 | 5,561,000 | 58,998 | 52,516 | 6,482 | 10.6 | 9.4 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.7524 |
2012 | 5,581,000 | 57,916 | 52,325 | 5,591 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 1.7292 |
2013 | 5,603,000 | 55,844 | 52,428 | 3,416 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 1.6687 |
2014 | 5,627,000 | 56,870 | 51,340 | 5,530 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 1.6912 |
2015 | 5,660,000 | 58,205 | 52,555 | 5,650 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 1.0 | 7.3 | 1.7136 |
2016 | 5,707,000 | 61,614 | 52,824 | 8,790 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 1.7854 |
2017 | 5,749,000 | 61,272 | 53,261 | 8,011 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.7519 |
2018 | 5,781,000 | 61,476 | 55,232 | 6,244 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 1.7297 |
2019 | 5,806,000 | 61,167 | 53,958 | 7,209 | 10.5 | 9.3 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.6994 |
2020 | 5,822,763 | 60,937 | 54,645 | 6,292 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.6747 |
2021 | 5,840,045 | 63,473 | 57,152 | 6,321 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 1.7241 |
2022 | 5,873,420 | 58,430 | 59,435 | -1,005 | 9.948 | 10.119 | -0.171 | 10.3 | 1.5529 |
2023 | 5,932,654 | 57,469 | 58,384 | -915 | 9.686 | 9.841 | -0.155 | 5.0 | 1.4959 |
2024 | 5,961,249 |
In 2022, 45,922 (78.6%) babies were born to mothers of Danish origin, 10,039 (17.2%) to immigrant mothers and 2,469 (4.2%) to mothers who are descendants of immigrants.[29]
Current vital statistics
[edit]Period[30] | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January – June 2023 | 28,360 | 29,240 | -880 |
January – June 2024 | 28,168 | 28,656 | -488 |
Difference | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Structure of the population
[edit]Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 2 910 605 | 2 939 584 | 5 850 189 | 100 |
0–4 | 159 616 | 151 094 | 310 710 | 5.31 |
5–9 | 153 902 | 145 996 | 299 898 | 5.13 |
10–14 | 172 489 | 163 504 | 335 993 | 5.74 |
15–19 | 174 065 | 166 351 | 340 416 | 5.82 |
20–24 | 190 440 | 182 547 | 372 987 | 6.38 |
25–29 | 205 462 | 196 996 | 402 458 | 6.88 |
30–34 | 190 728 | 182 907 | 373 635 | 6.39 |
35–39 | 167 754 | 163 263 | 331 017 | 5.66 |
40–44 | 174 967 | 173 743 | 348 710 | 5.96 |
45–49 | 196 490 | 197 259 | 393 749 | 6.73 |
50–54 | 199 625 | 197 330 | 396 955 | 6.79 |
55–59 | 203 904 | 202 673 | 406 577 | 6.95 |
60–64 | 173 413 | 176 026 | 349 439 | 5.97 |
65–69 | 156 575 | 163 852 | 320 427 | 5.48 |
70–74 | 149 499 | 162 406 | 311 905 | 5.33 |
75–79 | 125 586 | 142 076 | 267 662 | 4.58 |
80–84 | 69 552 | 88 329 | 157 881 | 2.70 |
85–89 | 33 148 | 50 931 | 84 079 | 1.44 |
90–94 | 11 095 | 23 783 | 34 878 | 0.60 |
95–99 | 2 113 | 7 469 | 9 582 | 0.16 |
100+ | 182 | 1 049 | 1 231 | 0.02 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 486 007 | 460 594 | 946 601 | 16.18 |
15–64 | 1 876 848 | 1 839 095 | 3 715 943 | 63.52 |
65+ | 547 750 | 639 895 | 1 187 645 | 20.30 |
Urban areas
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CphUrbanAreaOnPoliticalMap2.png/220px-CphUrbanAreaOnPoliticalMap2.png)
The urban area of Copenhagen consists of the contiguously built-up area of the capital of Denmark. The Copenhagen metropolitan area consists of 34 municipalities. The East Jutland metropolitan area includes 19 municipalities.
Religion
[edit]The Church of Denmark (Den danske folkekirke) is state-supported and, according to statistics from January 2022, accounts for the religious affiliation of 73.2% of the population.[32] Denmark has had religious freedom guaranteed since 1849 by the Constitution,[33] and numerous other religions are officially recognised,[34] including several Christian denominations, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu and other congregations as well as Forn Siðr, a revival of Scandinavian pagan tradition.[34] The Department of Ecclesiastical Affairs recognises roughly a hundred religious congregations for tax and legal purposes such as conducting wedding ceremonies.
Islam is the second largest religion in Denmark.[35] In 2020, an estimated 4.4% of the Danish population were Muslims.[36]
For historical reasons, there is a formal distinction between 'approved' (godkendte) and 'recognised' (anerkendte) congregations of faith.[34] The latter include 11 traditional denominations, such as Roman Catholics, the Reformed Church, the Mosaic Congregation, Methodists and Baptists, some of whose privileges in the country date hundreds of years back. These have the additional rights of having priests appointed by royal resolution and to christen/name children with legal effect.
- Religions
Evangelical Lutheran (official) 74.8%, Muslim 5.3%, other (denominations of less than 1% each, include Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Serbian Orthodox Christian, Jewish, Baptist, and Buddhist) 19.9% (2017 est.)
Employment and income
[edit]Unemployment in Denmark over time - Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
- total: 12% (2016 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th
- male: 13.1% (2016 est.)
- female: 10.9% (2016 est.)
Taxation and benefits
[edit]Although the level of taxation in Denmark is among the highest in the world, the labor market participation rate is still high compared with other western countries. Municipal income tax makes up the largest part of taxation in Denmark, with central government income tax topping it up. These income taxes are higher than in other OECD countries. These direct taxes make up two thirds of the taxation on private households with indirect taxes of the central government, and municipalities (property tax), making up one third, i.e. with motor vehicles (passenger cars, motorcycles, commercial vehicles) sold from VAT registered dealerships – because of the registration fee – being among the most expensive in the world, with prices in Norway at the same level, and the most expensive in Singapore. Also VAT in Denmark is not reduced from the current 25%. The 25% are paid on all goods and services where VAT is applied. Indirect taxes are about average compared with other European OECD countries. Payroll taxes (Danish sociale afgifter) are much lower than in other OECD countries. The tax structure ensures a broad tax base across the whole population. However, revenue from corporate taxes is lower compared with other European countries. Municipalities and the central government (regions are not allowed to levy any taxes, as they are financed by central government, and municipal block grants) redistribute a large amount of their tax income in transfer payments to municipalities with a low tax base and/or few tax payers. It is normal for children to be in nurseries, which requires a partial payment of the costs or is free of charge for low income households, and in kindergartens owned and operated, or financed, by the public sector. Child benefit is paid to parents for each child. The service to old age pensioners, and handicapped is extensive.
Denmark ranks high in the Corruption Perceptions Index, although the index is criticized for being limited in scope.
Homelessness
[edit]Homelessness in Denmark is considered a significant social issue in the country.[37][38] Since 2007, comprehensive counts have been performed every other year in week six (early February). The latest, from 2017, counted 6,635 homeless people in Denmark.[39][40] The total number of people experiencing homelessness at some point in 2017 was estimated at 13,000,[39] while earlier estimates have placed it between 10,000 and 15,000.[41] Roughly half the homeless are in the Capital Region.[40] When compared to many other countries, such as the United States, the rate of Denmark's homeless is significantly lower, which has been linked to the relatively comprehensive welfare system.[42]
The number of homeless people in Denmark has risen in recent decades, but this has been most pronounced in people that are between 18 and 29 years old (although 30 to 59 years old remains the largest age group, at 70%), women (although men remains the largest group, at 75%) and immigrants (although Danish citizens remain the largest group).[39][40][43][44] Among the foreign, a high percentage are Eastern or Southern European men that seek work in Denmark.[44] Many of these only stay in Denmark during the summer, returning to their respective countries during the relatively cold Danish winter.[45]
Based on the comprehensive count in February 2017, roughly one-tenth of homeless people in Denmark are "street sleepers" (which also includes people sleeping in stairways, sheds and other places not intended for human habitation), with the remaining sleeping in the homes of friends/family, in hotels/hostels, in shelters or alike.[39][40] The number of street sleepers is higher during the summer,[39] and homeless foreigners are overrepresented among them.[45] Among homeless in Denmark, the primary issue is psychiatric disease at 36% (24% receive treatment), drug addiction at 27% (17% receive treatment) and alcohol addiction at 23% (9% receive treatment). Overall it is estimated that more than half of all homeless people have mental health issues.[40] Compared to many other countries such as the United States, a higher percentage of Denmark's homeless have mental health issues or substance abuse, as countries with weaker welfare systems tend to have higher homeless rates but the homeless will more likely to include from a wide range of groups.[42]
The government of Denmark's approach to homelessness include commissioning national surveys on homelessness during the last decade that allow for direct comparison between Denmark, Norway and Sweden.[46] The three countries have very similar definitions of homelessness, with minor variations.[47]See also
[edit]- Demographics of the Faroe Islands
- Demographics of Greenland
- Religion in Denmark
- List of urban areas in the Nordic countries
Notes
[edit]- ^ Former Yugoslavia enumerates otherwise unspecified countries that made-up SFR Yugoslavia, i.e. the countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia.
- ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and have been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and a reducing population.
References
[edit]- ^ CHRISTIAN W (15 February 2022). "Women having more children in Denmark". cphpost.dk.
- ^ Parallelsamfund i Danmark / Økonomisk Analyse nr. 30. Ministry for economic affairs and the interior. February 2018. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Denmark Population 2019", World Population Review
- ^ "Population prognosis 2100", Institut National D'Etudes Demographiques
- ^ "Population and population projections". Statistics Denmark. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
- ^ "Statistikbanken". Statistikbanken.dk. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Ukrainere stod for 45 pct. af befolkningstilvæksten". Danmarks Statistik.
- ^ a b Ritzau (21 February 2022). "Indvandrerkvinder føder færre børn end danske kvinder". nyheder.tv2.dk.
- ^ "Fertility". www.dst.dk. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
- ^ a b Nikolaj Kesting (17 February 2022). "Gennemsnitsalderen stiger for førstegangsfødende". seoghoer.dk.
- ^ a b c d e f Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation, archived from the original on 2019-01-19, retrieved 2019-01-18
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Life expectancy". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Willkommen bei der deutschen Minderheit in Dänemark". Nordschleswig.dk. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Dansk jødisk historie". Mosaiske.dk. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "Romaer til Danmark". Folkedrab.dk. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Documentation of statistics: Immigrants and Descendants – Statistics Denmark". 2017-06-06. Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
- ^ a b c d [1] [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e "IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS". Dst.dk. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ [2] [dead link]
- ^ Immigrants by country of birth, descendants and children of descendants (those, who are classified of Danish origin)
- ^ "Immigrants and Descendants, 1 January 2020". Statistics Denmark.
- ^ a b c d e "Population 1. January by sex, age, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship – StatBank Denmark – data and statistics". www.statbank.dk. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
- ^ "Statistikbanken". Statistikbanken.dk. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Statistics Denmark, Population 1. January by sex and time, visited September 2023
- ^ "Births — Statistics Denmark". www.www.dst.dk/en.
- ^ "Statistikbanken". www.statbank.dk.
- ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ "NYT: Laveste antal udmeldinger af folkekirken i 15 år". www.dst.dk.
- ^ "Denmark – Constitution : Part VII – Section 70". Servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty.
- ^ a b c Freedom of religion and religious communities in Denmark Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006. Km.dk
- ^ "Denmark Religions – Demographics". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
- ^ "Hvor mange muslimer er der i Danmark?". Tjekdet.dk. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "Yes, Even Denmark Has A Homelessness Problem". 11 September 2012.
- ^ "Homelessness on the rise in Denmark". 16 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Hvor mange er hjemløse?" [How many are homeless?]. Hus Forbi. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Hjemløshed i Danmark 2017 — National kortlægning" [Homeless in Denmark 2017 — National mapping] (PDF). sfi.dk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- ^ "Homelessness In A Welfare State: Perspectives From Copenhagen by Rasmus Christensen, Nicole Kirkwood - Humanity in Action". Humanity In Action.
- ^ a b Benjaminsen, Lars, and Stefan Bastholm Andrade. "Testing a Typology of Homelessness Across Welfare Regimes: Shelter Use in Denmark and the USA." Housing Studies 30, no. 6 (2015): 858-876.
- ^ Strategies to Combat Homelessness. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. UN-HABITAT. 2000.
- ^ a b "Mange udenlandske hjemløse er i Danmark i over et år" [Many homeless foreigners are in Denmark in more than a year]. Jyllands Posten. 18 August 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- ^ a b "Rekordmange udenlandske hjemløse i København" [Record There are more than 7,000 homeless people. In Denmark, the percentage of homeless people in Denmark is less than 0.1 percent. number of homeless foreigners in Copenhagen]. TV2 Lorry. 4 July 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- ^ Busch-Geertsema, Volker. "Defining and measuring homelessness." Homelessness Research in Europe: Festschrift for Bill Edgar and Joe Doherty (2010): 19-39.
- ^ Benjaminsen, Lars, and Evelyn Dyb. "The Effectiveness of Homeless Policies–Variations among the Scandinavian Countries." European Journal of Homelessness 2 (2008).
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2009 edition.)
External links
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- Danish Demes Regional DNA Project[permanent dead link]
- National statistics
- Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – List of recognised denominations (in Danish)
- Statistic info on recognised denominations (in Danish; Muslim congregations not listed)
- Interactive population pyramid 1980-2070 or Befolkningsfremskrivning or google (etc.) "dst.dk pyramide", then click with your mouse on top (1st) search result. Population pyramid (women (right), men (left), click with mouse on year wanted, or, on blue rectangle, hold mouse down, slide rectangle to the top, then click on "LÅS" ("LOCK"). Silhouet of year 2070 appears. Do that with any year. Then click on circle with triangle in on lower right hand side of population pyramid. English version:click on upper right hand corner: "ENGLISH".
- Institut National D'Études Démographiques Population pyramids until 2100